Urban-rural differences in trajectories of physical activity in Europe from 2002 to 2017

Moreno‐Llamas, Antonio; García‐Mayor, Jesús; Cruz‐Sánchez, Ernesto De la

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102570

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These findings are similar to findings of a longitudinal study reporting that children in rural areas showed the strongest decline in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (Corder et al, 2015). Interestingly, similar trends were also observed in the European adult population, with adults in rural areas showing the strongest decrease in physical activity (Moreno-Llamas et al, 2021). In our study, these trends may be partially explained by demographic developments in rural areas: As more people in working age emigrate from rural areas while elderly people move to and live in rural areas, overall resulting in a population decline in those areas (Brown & Schafft, 2019;Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, 2020;Plane & Jurjevich, 2009), this may result in less physical activity opportunities and facilities for children and adolescents, such as attractive playgrounds or various sports clubs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In a study in China, screen-time trends in children between 6 and 18 years were investigated, with screen time increasing across both urban and rural areas, but sharper increases in rural areas (Cui et al, 2011). In Europe, we are only aware of one study in adults that investigated urban–rural differences in physical activity trajectories across 28 countries of the European Union, which showed that both in urban and rural areas physical activity decreased, but the trend was stronger for rural areas (Moreno-Llamas et al, 2021). However, it is unknown if this trend is also present in children and adolescents across the pediatric age range.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Urban-Rural Differences in Children’s and Adolescent’s Physical Activity and Screen-Time Trends Across 15 Years

et al. 2022

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Background Urban and rural areas have been experiencing major demographic and structural changes, characterized by an aging population in rural areas and a growth of cities in number and size. However, it is poorly researched how children’s physical activity and screen time developed in urban and rural areas. To address this deficit, we investigated physical activity and screen-time trends in Germany’s pediatric population across four urbanicity levels (rural, small town, medium-sized town, city). Method We obtained weighted data at three cross-sectional timepoints between 2003 and 2017, representative for Germany’s child and adolescent population. Physical activity and screen time were self-reported. We analyzed trends using a structural equation modeling framework for the overall sample and calculated interactions between the trends and age and gender, respectively. Results In total, 12,161 children and adolescents between 4 and 17 years participated in the study. Children and adolescents in rural areas experienced a downward trend in total physical activity. Outdoor play and leisure-time physical activity decreased across all areas, with the strongest decline in rural areas. Computer and gaming time increased across all areas except for cities, with the sharpest increase in rural areas. The decline in outdoor play and the incline in computer and gaming time were driven by adolescents. Females showed stronger increases in computer and gaming time than males. Conclusion Our findings suggest that in a representative sample of children and adolescents in Germany, detrimental trends in children’s physical activity and screen time occur at a higher rate in rural areas compared with urban environments. This provides critical information for health policy: While all children and adolescents should be targeted for physical activity promotion, a special focus should be on tailoring interventions for rural areas to prevent and mitigate inequalities in physical activity across urban and rural areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

Urban-Rural Differences in Children’s and Adolescent’s Physical Activity and Screen-Time Trends Across 15 Years

et al. 2022

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“…For example, it has been shown that education was a correlate of moderate-tovigorous PA during COVID-19 in Canada [29] and living in urban areas increased the risk for inactivity during COVID-19 in US adults and Croatian adolescents [38,39]. In general, individuals from urban areas are more physically active [40,41], frequently engaged in sports clubs and, due to the living area and shortage of green space, are more dependent on sport facilities. Therefore, it is not surprising that both a high education level and living in rural areas were identified to reduce risk for inactivity here as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staying Active under Restrictions: Changes in Type of Physical Exercise during the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown

Benzing

Nosrat

Aghababa

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated governmental restrictions suddenly changed everyday life and potentially affected exercise behavior. The aim of this study was to explore whether individuals changed their preference for certain types of physical exercise during the pandemic and to identify risk factors for inactivity. An international online survey with 13,881 adult participants from 18 countries/regions was conducted during the initial COVID-19 related lockdown (between April and May 2020). Data on types of exercise performed during and before the initial COVID-19 lockdown were collected, translated, and categorized (free-text input). Sankey charts were used to investigate these changes, and a mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to analyze risks for inactivity. Many participants managed to continue exercising but switched from playing games (e.g., football, tennis) to running, for example. In our sample, the most popular exercise types during the initial COVID-19 lockdown included endurance, muscular strength, and multimodal exercise. Regarding risk factors, higher education, living in rural areas, and physical activity before the COVID-19 lockdown reduced the risk for inactivity during the lockdown. In this relatively active multinational sample of adults, most participants were able to continue their preferred type of exercise despite restrictions, or changed to endurance type activities. Very few became physically inactive. It seems people can adapt quickly and that the constraints imposed by social distancing may even turn into an opportunity to start exercising for some. These findings may be helpful to identify individuals at risk and optimize interventions following a major context change that can disrupt the exercise routine.

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“…Therefore, it is not appropriate to compare the results between the studies. Studies conducted in the US [ 29 ] and in the Europe [ 30 ] found similar results of adults living in rural areas less likely to engage in physical activity and other psychosocial factors could influence physical activity behaviors. These highlight that there is a need of global effort to promote physical activity in various countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Level of engagement of recreational physical activity of urban villagers in Luohu, Shenzhen, China

Shi

Leung

Zheng³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Physical activity is important for health. However, there is a lack of literature related to the physical activity levels of adults living in urban villagers, which is a vulnerable population in China. The aim of this study is to compare the physical activity and sedentary behavior engagements between urban villagers and non-urban villagers using the 2019 Luohu Shenzhen, China Community Diagnosis Questionnaire. A total of 1205 adults living in urban villages and non-urban villages were included in the analysis. Unadjusted and multiple multivariate logistic regression were conducted for the dependent variable of engagement in recreational physical activity, frequency of recreational physical activity per week, and hours spent in sedentary behaviors per day. Descriptive analysis was conducted to identify the reasons for not engaging in physical activity among urban villagers and non-urban villagers. Across the included sample, 29.05% were urban villagers and 70.95% were non-urban villagers. The results suggested that urban villagers are more likely to engage in physical activity than non-urban villager (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.40, 2.59], p < 0.001). However, it was also found that urban village status had no significant association for frequency in engaging in physical activity and average hours spent in sedentary behaviors. Both urban villagers and non-urban villages indicated that lack of time, lack of safe and appropriate environment, and working in labor intensive occupations as some of the reasons for not engaging in physical activity. There is a need for tailed interventions and policies for promoting physical activity among urban villagers and non-urban villagers. Additional studies are needed to further our understanding of the physical activity behaviors among urban villagers in China.

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Urban-rural differences in trajectories of physical activity in Europe from 2002 to 2017

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

Urban-Rural Differences in Children’s and Adolescent’s Physical Activity and Screen-Time Trends Across 15 Years

Urban-Rural Differences in Children’s and Adolescent’s Physical Activity and Screen-Time Trends Across 15 Years

Staying Active under Restrictions: Changes in Type of Physical Exercise during the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown

Level of engagement of recreational physical activity of urban villagers in Luohu, Shenzhen, China

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