Urban–Rural Disparities in Energy Intake and Contribution of Fat and Animal Source Foods in Chinese Children Aged 4–17 Years

Zhang, Ji; Wang, Dantong; Eldridge, Alison L.; Huang, Feifei; Yu, Ouyang; Wang, Huijun; Zhang, Bing

doi:10.3390/nu9050526

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…association was expected in low and middle income countries and reinforces the work ofZhang et al (2017), who found that children from higher-income families consumed significantly higher proportion of animal sourced foods compared to children from lower-income families Christian et al (2012). offers a possible explanation for this finding as increased family income…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

Family and community factors shaping the eating behaviour of preschool-aged children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of interventions

Sirasa

Mitchell

Rigby

et al. 2019

Preventive Medicine

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Word count of main text: 4436 words Word count of abstract: 244 words AbstractLow and middle-income countries are experiencing the dual burden of malnutrition which is, at least in part, attributable to changes in eating behaviours of children under age five.Development of food choices is influenced by multiple factors and understanding the interplay of these factors in early childhood in these countries is necessary to promote healthy food choices. We conducted a systematic review to examine the evidence of family and community factors targeted in interventions to influence the eating behaviour of preschool-aged children in low and middle-income countries. A search for peer-reviewed papers was conducted using CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus and ProQuest Health Management published prior to September 2018, in English language including preschool-aged children (PROSPERO registration CRD42018108474). Fourteen studies published between 1994 and 2017 were eligible for inclusion. Factors that were consistently and positively associated with children's healthy food consumption were household food availability, nutritional knowledge of family or caregivers and family income. Unhealthy food consumption in children was inversely associated with family or caregivers' nutritional knowledge. Children's micronutrient intake was positively associated with household food availability, nutritional knowledge of family or caregivers and food availability in the surrounding environment. Findings highlight the importance of targeting nutritional knowledge of family or caregivers to facilitate healthy eating behaviours in children. In addition, creating a supportive family environment via increasing household food availability and family income should be considered when designing interventions to promote healthy eating behaviours in preschool-aged children living in low and middle-income countries.

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supporting

confidence: 68%

Family and community factors shaping the eating behaviour of preschool-aged children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of interventions

Sirasa

Mitchell

Rigby

et al. 2019

Preventive Medicine

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“…Very limited information is available on dairy consumption in Chinese young children. Zhang et al [15] reported a lower consumption rate (14.8%) of milk and dairy products in rural Chinese children aged 4-17 years compared with those in highly (70.4%) and moderately (38.6%) urban areas in 2011, and daily energy contribution from dairy foods ranged from 6.0% to 7.8% on average. The findings in this study revealed the status of dairy food consumption and dietary nutrient intakes in Chinese children aged 3-8 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Intake Would Reduce Nutrient Gaps in Chinese Young Children Aged 3–8 Years: A Modelling Study

et al. 2020

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Dairy foods are under-consumed among Chinese children. We modeled the impact of increased dairy consumption on nutrient inadequacy and assessed whether the consumption of formulated milk powder for children ≥3 years (FMP3+) is useful for reducing nutrient gaps. Data from 3–8-year-old children, with completed socio-demographic and dietary measurements from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2015, were used (n = 1122). Dietary intakes were modeled in two scenarios: Scenario 1 added FMP3+ or cow’s milk to reported diet to reach recommended dairy intakes; Scenario 2 replaced the currently consumed milk with an equal volume of FMP3+. Reported nutrient intakes were compared with each model. Only 32.5% of children consumed dairy products; the average intake amount in total was 48.6 g/day. Most children (97.6%) did not meet dairy intake recommendation. Inadequate nutrient intakes were observed for calcium, potassium, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C and selenium. In Scenario 1, both FMP3+ and cow’s milk improved the intake of all analyzed nutrients. In Scenario 2, FMP3+ substitution increased the intake of most nutrients, and reduced the proportion of children with an inadequate intake of vitamin C, thiamin, vitamin A, iron, zinc and potassium. Thus, increasing dairy consumption would reduce nutrient gaps, and FMP3+ is a good food source to help children meet nutrient requirements.

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“…Infancy and childhood are both critical periods of rapid physical growth and cognitive development [1]. At this stage of life, children have high nutrients needs; consequently, the right amount of dietary energy intake and the consumption of nutrient-rich foods are fundamental [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study †

Madrigal

Soto-Méndez²,

Hernández‐Ruiz³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The present study aimed to assess energy intake, nutrient profile and food sources in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (“Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española”) study. Plausibility of energy intake and adequacy of nutrient intakes to international recommendations were analyzed in a final sample of 1448 subjects (728 boys and 720 girls) and one group representative of the 1 to <10 years old urban Spanish children (reference sample (n = 707)) who consumed milk and one of the same age who consumed adapted milk over the last year (adapted milk consumers sample (n = 741)) were compared. Both groups completed data of a face-to-face and a telephone 24-h dietary recalls. Both the reference and the adapted milk consumers samples reported an adequate daily energy intake (1503 kcal/day and 1404 kcal/day); and a high contribution to total energy from protein (16.5% and 15.6%) and fat (36.5% and 35.9%). Also, a high percentage of children from both samples were below the lower limit of the recommendations for carbohydrates (47.8% and 39.3%). As the percentage of plausible energy reporters was high for both groups (84.7% and 83.5%, respectively), data for the whole sample were analyzed. Milk and dairy, cereals, meat and derived products, fats and oils, bakery and pastry, fruits and vegetables contributed to about 80% of the total energy intake in both groups. However, the reference sample reported significantly more contribution to energy from cereals, meat and meat products, bakery and pastry and ready to cook/eat foods; meanwhile, the adapted milk consumers sample reported significantly more energy from milk and dairy products, fruits and eggs. Those results suggest that adapted milk consumers have better adherence to the food-based dietary guidelines. Further analyses are warranted to characterize food patterns and the quality of the diet in the EsNuPI study population.

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Urban–Rural Disparities in Energy Intake and Contribution of Fat and Animal Source Foods in Chinese Children Aged 4–17 Years

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Family and community factors shaping the eating behaviour of preschool-aged children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of interventions

Family and community factors shaping the eating behaviour of preschool-aged children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of interventions

Dairy Intake Would Reduce Nutrient Gaps in Chinese Young Children Aged 3–8 Years: A Modelling Study

Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study †

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