The rapid growth of urban populations, particularly in the global south, has led to significant challenges in urban security. Insufficient urban security measures can hinder the achievement of future development goals. This study explores the impact of rapid urbanization in capital cities on social, cultural, and environmental issues. The influx of individuals who are not fully integrated into the city can compromise urban security and increase vulnerability in certain groups and areas. The research aims to investigate urban privacy in relation to urban security, with a specific focus on privacy management in the capital city. The study utilizes an applied approach with a descriptive and analytical methodology. The statistical population consists of 856,565 individuals, with a sample of 383 people selected through simple random sampling. The questionnaire was validated by experts, and the reliability of different sections was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. The findings highlight the influence of factors such as lack of collaboration among security experts, diverse attitudes and political views, and legal and managerial differences on urban privacy vulnerability. Many studies have focused on general urban issues or specific crimes without addressing urban security. Weak regulations, inadequate plans and budgets, and a lack of security equipment are identified as variables affecting the security of the capital city. Managerial, legal, and structural vulnerabilities contribute to insecurity, lawlessness, cultural disparities, and a lack of safety and security in Tehran. The factor with the greatest impact (16.07%) is "coalition between security professionals," while the factor with the smallest impact (6.32%) is "sufficient security for investment and safety in night travel" among the total variables.
