Urban Seismic Risk Assessment by Integrating Direct Economic Loss and Loss of Statistical Life: An Empirical Study in Xiamen, China

Zhou, Shutian; Zhai, Guofang; Shi, Yijun; Lu, Yuwen

doi:10.3390/ijerph17218154

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Research on disaster risk from an economic point of view can help effectively identify and measure the loss of life and economic loss in the same context, thereby enhancing risk perception, projection, evaluation, and mitigation. Zhou, Zhai, Lu, and Shi used an improved human capital approach to evaluate the loss of VSL in earthquakes, which provides a way of monetising the direct and average impact of the deaths of local people in all age groups [52]. This makes a breakthrough in the interdisciplinary fields of catastrophology, economics, and urban disaster prevention planning by applying approaches of VSL evaluation in disaster risk assessment.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment Framework for Urban Disaster Prevention Planning: A Case Study of Xiamen, China

Zhou,

Zhai

2023

Land

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Understanding and measuring the relative risk level of a city facing multi-hazards is fundamental to improving its disaster prevention planning and schemes. A comprehensive risk evaluation approach stands at the intersection of risk management and disaster system theory. It is also an important interdisciplinary field of catastrophology, economics, and urban infrastructure planning. We believe that current attempts to define and measure comprehensive urban natural disaster risks have certain limitations. Therefore, we propose an Urban Multi-hazards Risk Assessment Framework (UMRAF) which draws on definitions, methods, and experience from risk management, evaluation of property, the value of statistical life, and disaster system theory. It contains local disaster identification, place-based risk assessment (taking into account more than one hazard at a time), urban anti-disaster capability assessment, and relative composite risk index measurement. In our case study of Xiamen, China, to check the feasibility of our UMRAF, we examined local multi-hazards risk distribution and urban anti-disaster capacity layout. We then expanded and visualised the spatial distribution of the relative composite risk index of each evaluation unit across the city via our analyst tool, thereby helping to tailor measures that can reduce risk at a local level.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment Framework for Urban Disaster Prevention Planning: A Case Study of Xiamen, China

Zhou,

Zhai

2023

Land

Self Cite

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“…All losses were quantified as an annual dollar amount. While building and agriculture losses were monetary in the source data, impacts on population were monetized into a population equivalence factor by taking fatality estimates from the source data and applying a $7.6 million Value of Statistical Life (VSL) (Zhou et al 2020;FEMA 2009) and adjusting for inflation to 2020 dollars using the Consumer Price Index Inflation calculator (US Bureau of Labor Statistics [BLS] 2021).EAL was calculated using hazard type-specific annualized frequency and consequence type-specific exposure and HLR factors using the method shown in Fig. 3.…”

Section: Expected Annual Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

The national risk index: establishing a nationwide baseline for natural hazard risk in the US

Zuzak

Mowrer

Goodenough³

et al. 2022

Nat Hazards

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The National Risk Index developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency provides a relative measurement of community-level natural hazard risk across 50 US states and Washington, DC. The Index leverages authoritative nationwide datasets and multiplies values for exposure, annualized frequency, and historic loss ratio to derive expected annual loss estimates for 18 hazard types and combines this metric with Social Vulnerability and Community Resilience scores to generate Risk Index scores for every Census tract and county. Scores provide a holistic and comparable measure of risk across the US. Risk scores and underlying data are summarized in a custom web application. Geographical and statistical processing techniques were used to reconcile incompatibilities between the spatial and temporal collection of input datasets. The index was developed using a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach and input from subject matter experts across disciplines and target users. The National Risk Index builds upon previous efforts to develop a multi-hazard risk measurement for a large geography by expanding the number of hazard types considered, applying extensive geoprocessing techniques to combine diverse datasets, and combining traditional risk factors with the community risk factors of social vulnerability and community resilience for an enhanced nationwide picture of risk.

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“…The amount of data increases with the refinement of the unit division. Therefore, in order to simplify the calculation process, many scholars express the evaluation unit as a community or administrative region (Cimellaro et al 2019;Zhou et al 2020a). However, the urban grid management has high accuracy requirements for the urban information scale, and the unit division methods that have been studied cannot meet the current requirements.…”

Section: Division Of Evaluation Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital-system functionality quantification based on supply–demand relationship under earthquake

Hou

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nat Hazards

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The post-earthquake functionality of hospital systems seriously affects the recovery time of a city, and it is important to quantify the hospital system functionality. This paper presents a method that takes into consideration the post-earthquake medical supply-demand relationship in order to quantify the initial functionality and instantaneous functionality loss of a hospital system under the conditions of an earthquake, which is different from the current quantitative method that takes into consideration only the internal factors of the hospital system. In this method, a geographic information system and an earthquake damage prediction model are first used to obtain the medical supply capacity before and after the earthquake and the medical demand after the earthquake. Based on the results of the post-earthquake medical demand and the distribution of the medical supply capacity, the substitution capacity of medical resources is then calculated. Finally, the substitution capacity of medical resources is used to evaluate the functionality of the hospital system before and after the earthquake. A hospital system of a city in eastern China is considered as an illustrative example, and the impact of changes in the medical supply and demand at different times of the day on the hospital system functionality are analyzed. The results obtained show that the changes in medical supply and demand not only affect the hospital system functionality, but also cause changes in the instantaneous functionality loss of the hospital system after the earthquake. The proposed method can be used to quantify the hospital system functionality and reflect the balance of the medical supply-demand relationship before and after the earthquake, and it can help decision makers in developing a disaster reduction strategy to improve the disaster resilience of the hospital system.

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Urban Seismic Risk Assessment by Integrating Direct Economic Loss and Loss of Statistical Life: An Empirical Study in Xiamen, China

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

A Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment Framework for Urban Disaster Prevention Planning: A Case Study of Xiamen, China

A Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment Framework for Urban Disaster Prevention Planning: A Case Study of Xiamen, China

The national risk index: establishing a nationwide baseline for natural hazard risk in the US

Hospital-system functionality quantification based on supply–demand relationship under earthquake

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