Urban Sprawl as a Risk Factor in Motor Vehicle Occupant and Pedestrian Fatalities

Ewing, Reid; Schieber, Richard A.; Zegeer, Charles V.

doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1541

Cited by 242 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Our finding of higher pedestrian crash rates in urban compared with rural areas is consistent with previous studies 4 5 7 18 21. For example, Mueller and colleagues5 analyzed Washington State pedestrian crashes in 1981–1983 and reported that the rate per resident year in urban areas was 2.8 times that in rural areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Urban and rural variation in walking patterns and pedestrian crashes

et al. 2008

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The rate of pedestrian crashes and injuries in small and mid-size urban areas was twice that in rural areas, whether based on resident years or miles walked. The high rate of pedestrian crashes in the large urban area based on resident years could be partly explained by the fact that residents in such areas walk about twice as much as residents in rural areas. The rate of fatal pedestrian injury based on miles walked was similar in the large urban area and rural areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Urban and rural variation in walking patterns and pedestrian crashes

et al. 2008

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“…For example, while wide swaths of the city, including much of Staten Island and the North Bronx, are suburban in nature, NYC as a whole is overwhelmingly urban. Furthermore, four of five boroughs that comprise the city rank as the most compact counties in the nation (Ewing, Schieber, and Zegeer 2003;Ewing and Hamidi 2014) and the metropolitan division has by far the highest walk mode share (8.6%) of any large metropolitan areas (American Community Survey five-year estimates, 2007-012). An additional limitation is related to methodology; specifically, the limited counts taken for each block face and uncontrolled count timing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Better Urban Design Qualities Lead to More Walking in Salt Lake City, Utah?

Ameli

Hamidi

Garfinkel-Castro

et al. 2015

Journal of Urban Design

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Urban designers recognize the importance of perceptual qualities to an active street life but have had little empirical evidence to support the claim. Recent research has developed measurement protocols for urban design qualities related to walkability. A subsequent study conducted in New York City confirmed the explanatory powers of the measures. However, New York City is exceptionally walkable. This study seeks to validate urban design qualities in terms of walkability in Salt Lake City, Utah. This research validates specific micro-urban design measures of walkability while controlling for spatial autocorrelation, finding that imageability, in addition to transparency, adds significantly to walkability.

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“…That may be explained by urban sprawl setting [38]. And also, in Conakry, walking is by far the chief means of transport, and more so among the poor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatality from Road Traffic Accident in Guinea: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis

Mamady¹,

Zou²,

Mafoule³

et al. 2014

OJPM

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Objectives: Causes and risk factors that result in fatal road traffic accident have not been described at the national level in Guinea yet. The goal of this study is to explore the causes and risk factors related to fatal road traffic accident, identified most vulnerable road users, and inform the road traffic prevention policy in Guinea. Methods: We made a retrospective descriptive analysis based on national fatal road traffic accident data from the Department of Health Information at the Guinean Ministry of Health for year 2011. Results: In 2011, road traffic accident was responsible for an aggregate number of 1655 deaths with an overall death rate of 15.3 per 100,000 population. Male experienced more than twice the risk of death from road traffic accidents (21.9 deaths per 100,000 population) compared with female (9.0 deaths per 100,000 population). While taking the population as a whole, the highest death rate was found among the middle aged in 35 -49 age group accounting for (29.7 deaths per 100,000 population), followed successively by young adults age group 25 -34 years (24.6 deaths per 100,000 population), and the middle aged in 50 -64 age group (22.9 deaths per 100,000 population). Principally, occupants, motorcyclists and pedestrians sustained considerable burden of deaths respectively (9.2; 2.9; 2.2 per 100,000 population). In regional setting, the highest death rate was found in Upper Guinea (19.5 per 100,000 population), followed by Forest Guinea (18.7 per 100,000 population) and Middle Guinea (16.8 per 100,000 population). A large proportion of male was killed as motorcyclist than female while high percen-* Corresponding author. K. Mamady et al.810 tage of female died as occupant than male for all age group. The regional distribution showed that when a remarkable number of occupant death were observed in Upper and Forest Guinea, more people died as pedestrian and pedal cyclist in Conakry. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that most of the deaths were among occupants, motorcyclists and pedestrians, and the productive workforce aged 25 -49 years. It was found that majority of the deaths happened in Upper Guinea followed by Forest Guinea. Improvement of roads design, strict enforcement of road safety laws and raising the awareness of general public about the causes and risks factors of road traffic accident through various channels are highly required which will promote economic growth in the local communities and then help people escape the poverty trap.

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Urban Sprawl as a Risk Factor in Motor Vehicle Occupant and Pedestrian Fatalities

Abstract: Urban sprawl was directly related to traffic fatalities and pedestrian fatalities. Subsequent studies should investigate relationships at a finer geographic scale and should strive to improve on the measure of exposure used to adjust pedestrian fatality rates.

Cited by 242 publications

References 9 publications

Urban and rural variation in walking patterns and pedestrian crashes

Urban and rural variation in walking patterns and pedestrian crashes

Do Better Urban Design Qualities Lead to More Walking in Salt Lake City, Utah?

Fatality from Road Traffic Accident in Guinea: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis

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