Urban Streetscape Design and Crash Severity

Abstract

Streetscape design is increasingly acknowledged as a tool for improving traffic safety and livability in urban settings. While traditional highway safety engineering promotes removing obstacles from and widening roadside clear zones to reduce collision potential, a contrasting framework proposes that smaller, more enclosed streetscapes may encourage slower, less risky driving and therefore improve both livability and safety. Such a strategy may have particular relevance along urban arterials, where large clear zones may be impractical because of complex adjacent land uses and where the promotion of livable spaces is an increasing focus. This study examined streetscape design and traffic safety in urban settings by assessing relationships between crash severity and streetscape design variables in New York City. A method based on a geographic information system was used for the precise capture of streetscape design measurements at the locations of more than 240,000 crashes. Logistic regression models indicated that crashes on smaller, more enclosed streetscapes were less likely to result in injury or death compared with those on larger, more open streetscapes. These results point to in-fill development and street tree planting as safety countermeasures that are consistent with additional livability goals such as walkability, high-quality design of the public realm, and provision of natural amenities.

Planning Principles of Permanent Outdoor Advertising (POA) in Arterial and Collector Road Corridors in Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia

“…The opposite of permanent advertising is a temporary or incidental advertisement. An advertisement is used at a specific or limited time, for instance, at an event/show (Vich, Marquet, and Miralles-Guasch 2019;Harvey and Aultman-Hall 2015;Kurniawati 2012;Shafaghat et al 2016;Hong and Jeon 2013;Ewing et al 2016). This type of advertisement media could quickly move or dismantle and is not made from expensive materials, such as banners and billboards (Kelly and Gary,1989).…”

“…An advertisement is a form of promotion to the public to influence observers by writing or words with or without images regarding service, product, lifestyle image, dreams, and new values to the society Follis, John and Hammer (1979). From the business side, advertisement is an essential aspect without neglecting the quality of the environment (Moughtin 2007;Arvidsson 2007;Harvey and Aultman-Hall 2015). Meanwhile, in terms of urban planning, Carr (1992) and Krier (1979) said that advertisement as signage is an object placed in public spaces that can also form a city orientation and identity, making it easier to identify a city.…”

A Multilevel Model Approach for Investigating Individual Accident Characteristics and Neighborhood Environment Characteristics Affecting Pedestrian-Vehicle Crashes

“…Various studies have considered neighborhood environmental characteristics that may affect the severity of pedestrian injuries, such as demographic factors, road features, land use, and land development indicators [46,[51][52][53][54][55][56].…”

Identifying the Factors That Increase the Probability of an Injury or Fatal Traffic Crash in an Urban Context in Jordan

“…Nevertheless, worldwide crash severity studies (in both developed and developing countries) consider several types of urban infrastructures. For example, crash severity was examined at arterial sections [14,15,[18][19][20][21][22][23], urban signalized [19,20] and unsignalized [10] intersections, urban freeway segments [22], toll plazas [20], and other urban segments [17,24].…”