Urban vulnerability and resilience within the context of climate change

Abstract

Abstract. Natural hazards, due to climate change, are particularly damaging in urban areas because of interdependencies of their networks. So, urban resilience has to face up to climate risks. The most impacting phenomenon is the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The storage capacity of heat is depending on shapes of buildings, public spaces, spatial organization, transport or even industrial activities. So, adaptive strategies for improving urban climate could be possible in different ways. In the framework of the French project Resilis, this study characterises urban vulnerability and resilience in terms of energy needs of buildings and outside urban comfort according to the IPCC carbon dioxide emission scenarios B2 and A2 for the period 2050-2100 for 10 French cities. The evolutions of four climate indicators in terms of heating and cooling needs and number of hours when the temperature is above 28 • C are then obtained for each city to analyse climate risks and their impacts in urban environment.

Resilience to climate change in Ghanaian cities and its implications for urban policy and planning

“…The term secondary data are used in this study to refer to data that are examined to respond to research questions that are different from the ones the original collector sought to answer (Vartanian 2011). The secondary data sources were based on recent studies that address urban resilience at the global level, particularly Africa (Leichenko 2011;Storch et al 2011;López-Marrero and Tschakert 2011;Tromeur et al 2012;Pearson et al 2014;Rafael et al 2015;Cobbinah and Poku-Boansi 2018;Darkwah et al 2018;Poku-Boansi and Cobbinah 2018).…”

Climate Risk Mitigation and Adaptation Concerns in Urban Areas: A Systematic Review of the Impact of IPCC Assessment Reports

“…Again, Adachi et al [92] revealed the present and potential increased urban heat island (UHI) in Tokyo, Japan, and called for increased mitigation measures against UHI for the city. Additionally, Tromeur et al [93] described the energy needs for residential buildings and comfort (heat) in 10 French cities and indicated their susceptibility. For improved mitigation, Tromeur et al [93] suggested the need for city managers to think about green space spots, push polluting actions beyond the city, and lower car traffic for riders.…”

“…Additionally, Tromeur et al [93] described the energy needs for residential buildings and comfort (heat) in 10 French cities and indicated their susceptibility. For improved mitigation, Tromeur et al [93] suggested the need for city managers to think about green space spots, push polluting actions beyond the city, and lower car traffic for riders. McPhee et al [94] informed us about the potential heat events in Santiago, Chile, due to increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation and recommended the need for effective adaptation plans.…”

Preface "Natural hazard resilient cities"

“…First and foremost, we name that hazards that are sensitive to questions linked to climate change (e.g. heat waves) (Tromeur et al, 2012). However, above all, it is the predominance of flood hazards that is discussed in six articles (Mebarki et al, 2012;Gersonius et al, 2012;Toubin et al, 2012;Beraud et al, 2012;Lhomme et al, 2013;Eleutério et al, 2013).…”