Urban Warming in Port Harcourt Metropolis and Environs

Nwaerema, Peace; Ezikorwor, Weli

doi:10.9734/jgeesi/2018/41123

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The urban microclimate is impacted by various biophysical elements of the urban environment such as surface materials, city structure, introduction of heat, air pollution, disposition of precipitation and urban vegetation [14,15] dense building developments, landuse changes and plenty other human activities (Hong Kong Observatory, 2018) [16]. Studies have identified several other factors that influence temperature variability such as seasonal variances in solar radiation [17]; anthropogenic emissions (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC, 2018) [18]; weather conditions, latitude, time, topography, stability, wind, cloudiness, snow cover, artificial heat sources and street geometry [19]; seasonal differences in rainfall and prolonged dry or wet seasons [58]; climate change [20]; land use change and urbanisation process [15,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27]; and thermal characteristics of the construction materials in the cities [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensations of Air Temperature Variability and Mitigation Strategies in Urban Environments

Sampson

Weli

Nwagbara

et al. 2021

J. Hum. Earth Future

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This study examined sensations of air temperature variability and mitigation strategies in the Niger Delta, Nigeria using the cross-sectional and descriptive research designs. This study purposively selected the Capital Cities of the nine states in the study area; while the simple random sampling technique was used to select the study elements. Taro Yamane (1967) formula was employed in determining the study sample size of 400 which was apportioned to each of the cities based on proportional allocation with respected to the population of the cities, hence forming the basis for the distribution of the survey questionnaire. The results show that majority were aware of the impacts of temperature and rated the temperature in the neighborhood as high, but not aware of the comfort threshold of air temperature. Majority had never taken personal steps to mitigate high temperature and at the same time not satisfied with the level of temperature in their urban environment. Urban growth and rise in population, construction materials of urban surfaces, removal of trees/vegetation, manmade heat, air pollutants emission, congestion of buildings and time of season were found to stimulate high temperatures in the cities. Human discomfort, excessive heat, illness and diseases, soil aridity/lack of water in soil, poor air quality, increase in diseases vectors, increase in energy demand and usage, and dehydration of the body and regular thirst for water were found to be impacts and problems associated with high temperature. The prevailing strategies adopted to mitigate impacts of high temperature were only the use of electric fans (63.50%) and drinking of plenty water (92.50%). Therefore, the study recommends among others that planting and preservation of trees should be encouraged, mass awareness campaign on practices that exacerbate high temperature should be sponsored by the authorities, and regulatory agencies should strictly control urban growth and be committed to the enforcement of environmental policies. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2021-02-02-02 Full Text: PDF

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensations of Air Temperature Variability and Mitigation Strategies in Urban Environments

Sampson

Weli

Nwagbara

et al. 2021

J. Hum. Earth Future

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“…Port Harcourt is a metropolitan city (Ezikorwor, 2018) and capital of Rivers state, occupying approximately 1811.6 km 2 area, with a population of about 1.5 million (Johnson & Gbara, 2012). It is the main city of the state and has one of the biggest seaports in the Niger delta, which is therefore the center of administrative, commercial and industrial activity.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geographical location and topography of Port Harcourt is such that air borne pollutants travel fast and the farthest, as high lands are practically absent. Studies suggest that periodic plumes of pollutants from industrial discharges, a principal source of air pollution, constitutes a frequent occurrence in the city (Ezikorwor, 2018). The study adopted qualitative as well as quantitative data collection methods.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mixed Method Inquiry of Gas Flaring Consequences, Mitigation Strategies and Policy Implication for Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria

Rufai¹,

Alademomi²,

Teye³

et al. 2019

JEES

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Acknowledgement: We are grateful to Professor Ren Chong for providing helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper and warm appreciation to the Chinese Government Scholarship Council for providing the Corresponding Author with fully funded study grants to pursue his postgraduate studies at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). AbstractThe issue of gas flaring in Nigeria has become a topical one in view of the devastating effect it has in the socioeconomic lives of the people in the affected areas. This paper investigates the environmental implication and mitigating strategies of the victims in Nigeria. Mix method was adopted by conducting 60 semi-structured interviews in three communities. The data was transcribed and analyzed using ATLAS.ti and content analysis. Findings show that gas flaring is the major problem facing the Niger Delta communities having negative effects on resident's health, source of income and farm produce without any legal framework to curb it. Findings also show that people mitigate by using self-strategies such as nose mask, fertilizer for farm produce and boiling of drinking water. Data collected from government shows that there is an annual increase in gas production but gas flaring decreases at a slower rate as depicted in the graph. The paper is the first to conduct research on the coping strategy of the victims of gas flaring in Niger Delta and the importance of technology in eradicating gas flaring. The study recommended technology transfer from technologically advanced countries in capturing the associated gas instead of flaring it.

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“…Temperature of different states of matter whether solid, liquid or gas on the ground surface varies according to location and climatic parameters as well as human activities. Increased in pavement materials is an indication of rise in man's activities to the land surface which results to land surface temperature [3]. From the city center to the fringes of a city, land surface temperature varies according to different land use types [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the LST of a city is compromised, there will be high demand of energy, increased pollutants reaction, rise in greenhouse gas effect, health disaster and low water quality. In the city, there are many parameters that have brought about LST rise such as loss of urban tree cover, emission of greenhouse gas, increased pavement surfaces and low albedo of materials; others are thermal properties of materials, urban morphology, city size and generated anthropogenic heat [8]. With rapid urbanization in the city, there is increased pressure on land thereby altering the vegetal and water bodies particularly in the fringes resulting to serious heat effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geo-Spatial Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature of Port Harcourt Metropolis and Environs: Implication for Heat Disaster Management

Peace¹

2019

EARTH

Self Cite

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Since 1986, the rate of expansion of population and urban pavement materials in Port Harcourt metropolis and environs has generated enormous heat capable of causing disaster. This paper examines geo-spatial dynamics of Land Surface Temperature (LST) of Port Harcourt metropolis and environs from 1986 to 2018 using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach. To achieve this purpose, satellite data were retrieved and analyzed using the algorithm for extracting LST from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 thermal infrared sensor sources from the Google Earth Engine (GEE). The results indicate that in 1986, LST concentrated on the southwestern (Bakana) and northeastern (Oyigbo) sections of the city with temperature range of 19.27°C and 30.17°C having population of 757,022 persons. In 2003, LST concentrated on the city centre, southwestern (Bakana) and northwestern (Rumuekeni) segments with temperature range of 16.14°C and 34.19°C having population of 1,143,103 persons respectively. Also, in 2018 LST shifted its concentration to northeastern and southeastern segments of the city with a variation of 21.6°C and 35.31°C having population of 3,095,342 persons expected to experience heat related ailments such as heat stroke. The city has compromised the standard human comfort threshold of 27°C. It is recommended that there should be immediate urban greening of tree planting, de-congestion of development activities from the eastern segment of Port Harcourt city to the western segment as well as practical implementation of urban management plan without further delay.

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Urban Warming in Port Harcourt Metropolis and Environs

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Sensations of Air Temperature Variability and Mitigation Strategies in Urban Environments

Sensations of Air Temperature Variability and Mitigation Strategies in Urban Environments

A Mixed Method Inquiry of Gas Flaring Consequences, Mitigation Strategies and Policy Implication for Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria

Geo-Spatial Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature of Port Harcourt Metropolis and Environs: Implication for Heat Disaster Management

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