Urban water pollution by heavy metals and health implication in Onitsha, Nigeria

Ezeabasili, A. C. C.; Anike, O.L.; Okoro, B. U.

doi:10.5897/ajest2013.1587

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Lead has the ability to inhibit or mimic the actions of calcium and to interact with proteins (Flora et al, 2006) [15] . The high concentration of mercury recorded in this study samples A1 and A2 which is far above the WHO and SON permissible limit in drinking water as reported in Table 3 [13] , result on mercury concentration falls within the range observed in the present study. Both in men and in women, mercury has a detrimental effect on fertility (Sukhn et al, 2018;Maeda et al, 2019) [31,22] Infertility in women is influence by a hormonal imbalance brought on by Hg exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Health risk assessment, water quality indices and reproductive hormone profile among Abakpa citizens in Enugu metropolis

PO¹,

Otitoju²,

Ikwebe³

2023

Int. J. Adv. Biochem. Res.

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Numerous substances has been attributed to elicit endocrine-disruption and may potentially affect healthy reproductive functions. This study was carried out to determine the health risk assessment, water quality indices and reproductive hormone profile among citizens of Abakpa in Enugu metropolis. Ten (10) water sampling points comprising of wells and streams were analyzed for chemical properties such BOD, COD, DO, pH, TSS, TDS, Total Hardness, and Alkalinity and Heavy metal composition such as Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) using the American Public Health Association's (APHA) guidelines and Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) respectively. Five (5) blood samples comprising males and females was collected across the sampling areas and assayed for reproductive hormone profile such as Testosterone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Progesterone, Prolactin, Estradiol and the enzyme Aromatase was using the ELISA kit method. The result of chemical properties such as TSS, TDS, COD, Total hardness and Alkalinity were all within World Health Organization (WHO) stipulated limits, whereas DO, BOD and pH were higher than WHO limits across all sampling points from the sampling area. Some parameters showed significance difference while some sample did not at different sampling locations at 95% confidence level. The result of heavy metals showed very high concentrations of analyzed metals with Hg present in five water samples from Abakpa at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.96 ppm. Pb concentration ranged between 0.06-0.35 ppm; Zn 24.93-33.65 ppm; Cr 0.00 -0.23 ppm; Cd. 0.11 -0.17 ppm across all sampling points. All the result of reproductive hormone showed lower concentration of testosterone in men (1.99 to 2.19 ng/ml) and high concentration in females (2.03 to 2.06 ng/ml) across all sampling points. The concentration of FSH was in the range of 0.67 to 0.77 ng/ml in males, while the level was between 0.71 to 0.83 ng/ml in female. Prolactin results was 3.49 to 3.86 ng/ml for males and 3.44 to 3.59 ng/ml in females. Estradiol levels were 8.48 to 9.54 ng/ml and 9.61 to 9.84 ng/ml for females and males respectively. However, progesterone level were between 34.08 to 37.45 ng/ml for females and 36.48 to 39.56 ng/ml. The aromatase enzyme was averagely below 4.0 Pmol/mg in both male and female. The risk assessment showed low risk exposure but mercury had high risk exposure tendencies of 16.333 when compared to other heavy metals from all samples. Consumption of water in sampled area's may pose a serious health challenge; high concentration of heavy metals could be attributed to the hormonal imbalance recorded in the research as most heavy metals is seen to reduce the expression and activity of 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD, which could be facilitated by high acidic nature of the water. Thus, interfering with steroidogenesis. Therefore, continuous monitoring of water quality in Abakpa in Enugu metropolis is highly recommended in order to ensure the health safety of humans living in such environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Health risk assessment, water quality indices and reproductive hormone profile among Abakpa citizens in Enugu metropolis

PO¹,

Otitoju²,

Ikwebe³

2023

Int. J. Adv. Biochem. Res.

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“…For instance, discontinuous TN levels may be attributed to varying farming intensities practised in the river catchment areas accompanied by use of nitrogen and phosphorus based fertilizers (Byrnes, 1990). High electrical conductivity and TDS values recorded at Kebirigo station may be attributed to car washing in the river and metal works (Ezeabasili et al., 2015) practised at the nearby Kebirigo trading centre. Disjunct dissolved oxygen distribution may be attributed to varying water temperatures and velocities at various sections of the river and physical features like waterfall which can increase DO through enhanced diffusion of atmospheric oxygen into the water (Uchrin et al., 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological integrity of a medium‐sized river of a lake basin towards ecosystem health management

Osure,

Aura,

Getabu

et al. 2023

Lakes & Reservoirs

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This study demonstrates the use of a multi‐metric Fish Index of Biotic Integrity (FIBI) for assessment of ecological health of a medium‐sized river, under a gradient of human disturbances in the Kenyan side of the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB). Development of the index is based on water quality, river habitat quality and fish community attributes. The river was sampled from 2019 to 2020 during wet and dry seasons of the year at nine selected sites along its length based on the level of human disturbance. A total of nine metrics representing the structural and functional organization of fish communities were qualified using the separation power of Mann–Whitney U test (p < .05). Metric values at unimpaired, intermediate, impaired and no‐fish sites were used to establish the scoring criteria using inter‐quartile ranges. A 1, 3, 5 scoring system representing high, fair and slight deviation from the best site, respectively, was used in the final FIBI development. River mouth station had the highest FIBI score of 43, with extensive natural riparian buffer vegetation (>20 m) and 18 fish species implying least human disturbance. The midstream section had intermediate FIBI scores of 34–36, with wide natural riparian buffer vegetation (10–20 m) and 6–9 fish species that represented moderate human disturbance. The upstream section had the least FIBI score of 0, with no fish and narrow riparian buffer vegetation (<5 m) that indicated notable degradation. This study presents the preliminary results of using fish and habitat metrics for development of an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) for a medium‐sized river in a lake basin, as a decision‐making support tool for effective management and conservation of water resources. The study recommends restoration of river habitat quality for improved ecological integrity of rivers in the Lake Victoria Basin.

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“…Many researchers have also carried out investigations on the state of groundwater within Anambra state. Most of these studies are limited to spot measurements used for baseline studies (Egboka et al 1983;Ezeabasili et al 2015;Ezeabasili et al 2014;Ogbukagu, 1986;etc). However, none of these studies proposed or used any simulation model capable of modeling leachate contamination pathways and dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Model for Leachate Contamination of Groundwater around a municipal Waste Dump: Case Study of Obosi, Southeastern Nigeria

2019

Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci

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Urban water pollution by heavy metals and health implication in Onitsha, Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Health risk assessment, water quality indices and reproductive hormone profile among Abakpa citizens in Enugu metropolis

Health risk assessment, water quality indices and reproductive hormone profile among Abakpa citizens in Enugu metropolis

Ecological integrity of a medium‐sized river of a lake basin towards ecosystem health management

Predictive Model for Leachate Contamination of Groundwater around a municipal Waste Dump: Case Study of Obosi, Southeastern Nigeria

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