Urban waterfront facing integrated coastal management

On the Revitalized Waterfront: Creative Milieu for Creative Tourism

“…Urban waterfronts, generally referred as the part of a town or city that abuts water, especially a district of wharves where ships dock, have always been places full of locational advantages, due to the concentration of interactive land and water activities [9,[29][30][31][32][33][34]. Water, as a primary human resource for nourishment, irrigation, and transportation, was the raison d'être for man's earliest settlements and hence, a vital part of civilization involves events and development that have occurred along the world's coasts, rivers, bays, and lakes.…”

“…The example of Baltimore's Inner Harbor project in the early 70s, commonly coupled with Quincy Market in Boston, as the outstanding case study of waterfront revitalisation in the United States [10], provided a successful model that has become the classic tale of modern times [13]. The so-called -Baltimore syndrome‖ [34] has been spreading among the world's coastal cities concerned to varying degrees with waterfront revitalisation plans. False Creek in Vancouver, Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco, Darling Harbor in Sydney, Victoria and Alfred Harbor in Capetown, Docklands in London, and Kop van Zuid in Rotterdam are some of the international examples, within which new retailing, office, and tourism developments were combined with the reuse of historic port related buildings and the historic atmosphere of the harbor [3,8,[11][12][13]16,39,43,44].…”

“…Over 200,000 square meters of office buildings, 40,000 square meters of retail shops, hotel, theatre, and 300 apartments were provided [10]. The success of the scheme, caused the Greater Baltimore Committee to propose, in 1964, an ambitious expansion plan of the redevelopment efforts, to include the adjacent Inner Harbor area and re-use the maritime waterfront for tertiary facilities, and middle-class and tourist settlements [34], with the key element being to bring the public to the water's edge. The plan included four primary goals: reconstruction of the Municipal Center; construction of office buildings on -prestigious‖ waterfront sites; multi-family housing along the east and west sides of the Harbor; and a waterfront -playground‖ to serve as a center of recreation, culture, and entertainment for the local population [46].…”

The Port and its Environment

“…Finally, the last stage is characterized by a renewed collaboration between port and city as waterfront zones are revitalized, thus urban redevelopment enhances the port-city integration process. Huang et al (2011), on the basis of previous models by Toffler (1990) and Vallega (2001), develop a three-stage-six-type framework of port-city development. In the "third stage waterfront" the emphasis of the relation between people and ports is the ecology and the concept of sustainable life.…”

A Sustainable Historic Waterfront Revitalization Decision Support Tool for Attracting Tourists

“…[1,[21][22][23]) have classified the waterfront types based on functionalities. Vallega [23] has categorized the waterfront based on waterland uses as; Ecosystem enjoyment, Fishing, Tourism, Recreation, Entertainment, Congresses, Media, Transport and navigation, Trade and finance, Research areas, Education and training and Cultural heritage. Nonetheless, Breen and Rigby [1] have established comprehensive waterfront typologies that are adaptable for policy-making studies.…”