Urbanicity and risk of first-episode psychosis: incidence study in Brazil

Del-Ben, Cristina Marta; Shuhama, Rosana; Loureiro, Camila Marcelino; Ragazzi, Taciana Cristina Carvalho; Zanatta, Daniela Perocco; Tenan, Silvia; Santos, Jair Lício Ferreira; Louzada‐Júnior, Paulo; Santos, Antônio Carlos dos; Morgan, Craig; Menezes, Paulo Rossi

doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.110

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Subjects. This case-sibling-control study is part of an incidence study of mental disorders with psychotic symptoms named STREAM (Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses Translational Research: Environment and Molecular Biology) conducted in the Ribeirão Preto catchment area, Brazil, between 1st of April 2012 and 31st of March 2015 29 . This Brazilian incidence study is part of the consortium European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) 30,31 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma amino acids profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls

Loureiro

Roza

Corsi-Zuelli

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Investigations of plasma amino acids in early psychosis and their unaffected siblings are rare. We measured plasma amino acids involved in the co-activation of dopaminergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, and serotoninergic neurotransmitters in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients (n = 166), unaffected siblings (n = 76), and community-based controls (n = 166) included in a cross-sectional study. Plasma levels of glutamic acid (GLU), glutamine, glycine, proline (PRO), tryptophan (TRP), tyrosine, serine and GABA were quantified by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. We used the generalized linear model adjusted by sex, age, and body mass index for group comparison and paired t-test for FEP-Sibling pairs. FEP had reduced GABA plasma levels compared to siblings and controls (p < 0.05 for both). Siblings had lower GLU, Glx and PRO (p < 0.05 for all) but increased TRP compared to patients and controls (p < 0.05 for both). FEP patients with longer duration of pharmacological treatment and medicated only with antipsychotics had increased GLU compared to FEP with shorter periods, or with those treated with a combination of medications (p < 0.05 for both). Finally, FEP patients treated only with antipsychotics presented higher Glx compared to those with mixed medications (p = 0.026). Our study suggests that FEP have low a GABA plasma profile. Unaffected siblings may be a possible risk group for metabolic abnormalities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma amino acids profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls

Loureiro

Roza

Corsi-Zuelli

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…This case-sibling-control study is part of the epidemiological investigation named STREAM (Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses Translational Research: Environment and Molecular Biology) conducted in Ribeirão Preto catchment area (comprised of 26 counties with around 1.3 million inhabitants, located in the São Paulo state, Brazil) between April 2012 and March 2015 (Del-Ben et. al., accepted). The STREAM study is part of the international multicentre consortium EU-GEI (European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions; ), an incidence and case-sibling-control study investigating biological and environmental interactions in psychosis (Jongsma et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls: the effects of familial liability and childhood maltreatment

et al. 2019

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BackgroundInflammation is a possible biological mechanism underlying the association between childhood maltreatment and psychosis. Previous investigations on this regard were mainly conducted on chronic schizophrenia and lacked control for confounders. We aim to investigate the role of familial liability, childhood maltreatment and recent stress in determining cytokine abnormalities at the onset of psychosis.MethodsWe recruited 114 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 57 unaffected biological siblings of FEP patients, and 251 community-based controls. Plasma cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β) were measured and differences across the groups analysed after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsFEP had a higher pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β), which was not observed in unaffected siblings. Siblings presented decreased IL-1β when compared with patients and controls. Childhood maltreatment was associated with higher levels of TGF-β in both patients and siblings when compared with controls. Physical childhood abuse was associated with increased levels of TGF-β in FEP patients but with decreased levels in controls. Other childhood maltreatment subtypes or recent stressors did not affect cytokine levels in any of the groups.ConclusionsNormal or reduced cytokines in siblings represent possibly a protective factor and suggest that the identified inflammatory profile in FEP can be a real pathophysiological component of psychosis. Experience of childhood maltreatment may contribute as long-term immune priming for the TGF-β pathway, and increased levels of this cytokine in both patients and siblings exposed to childhood maltreatment point to a possible biological candidate of familial risk for psychosis.

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“…These findings are in line with those from a previous study performed in the same areas, with a larger number of participants, and with MD identified using a screening instrument. 15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article refers to Phase 2 of a large cross-sectional study. Phase 1, described in a previous publication, 15 involved 1,545 subjects randomly selected on the basis of a household geographical information system covering the three areas (FHS, FHS+SC, and TC). 16 A random sample – involving 50% of Phase 1 participants – was contacted and invited to participate in Phase 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between primary health care strategies and outcomes of mental disorders

Moscovici

Balco

Degani

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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Objective: To investigate associations between the percentage and severity of mental disorders (MD) and three different primary health care (PHC) strategies in Brazil: traditional care (TC), the Family Health Strategy (FHS), and FHS with shared mental health care (FHS+SC). Methods: Random samples were selected from three different areas of a Brazilian city. Each area was served by a different PHC strategy (TC, FHS, or FHS+SC). Five mental health professionals, blinded to the type of PHC strategy delivered in each area, conducted interviews using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and other specific instruments to assess the prevalence and severity of MD. Results: 530 subjects were interviewed. The TC strategy was significantly associated with a higher percentage of MD when compared to FHS and FHS+SC. These results were not affected by adjustment for sociodemographic variables. The difference in prevalence of MD between the two FHS areas (with and without SC) was not statistically significant. No significant differences in MD severity were observed across the three PHC strategies. Conclusion: Areas covered by FHS showed a lower percentage of MD than those covered by TC. Presence of SC did not influence the prevalence of MD, suggesting that mental-health training of FHS teams may have minimized the influence of SC.

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Urbanicity and risk of first-episode psychosis: incidence study in Brazil

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Plasma amino acids profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls

Plasma amino acids profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls

Cytokine profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls: the effects of familial liability and childhood maltreatment

Associations between primary health care strategies and outcomes of mental disorders

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