Urbanization (and Primate Conservation)

Bicca‐Marques, Júlio César

doi:10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0153

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Food supplementation also brings howlers closer to humans, increasing the risks of electrocution, vehicle collisions, hunting, and predation by domestic dogs (Bicca‐Marques, ; Chaves & Bicca‐Marques, ). Indeed, we recorded electrocutions of the three JA juveniles in May 2017.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Howler monkeys ( Alouatta spp.) are well known among Neotropical primates for their capacity to adapt to habitat restriction in these anthropogenic landscapes (Asensio, Arroyo‐Rodríguez, Dunn, & Cristóbal‐Azkarate, ; Bicca‐Marques, , ; Chaves & Bicca‐Marques, , , ; Chaves, Fernandes, Oliveira, & Bicca‐Marques, ). The adaptation of these highly arboreal monkeys has been related to the adjustment of their folivorous‐frugivorous diet (Crockett & Eisenberg, ; Neville, Glander, Braza, & Rylands, ) to resource availability (Bicca‐Marques, ; Chaves & Bicca‐Marques, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemented howler monkeys eat less wild fruits, but do not change their activity budgets

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Bicca‐Marques

2019

American J Primatol

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Research on the influence of food supplementation on primate behavior has focused on terrestrial and semiterrestrial species. Its effects on highly arboreal species are poorly known. We assessed the influence of food supplementation on the feeding behavior and activity budget of four adult female and two adult male brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) belonging to two groups (JA and RO) that inhabited periurban forest fragments in southern Brazil. We used the "focal-animal" method during 6-8 full days per month from March to August 2017 (916 h of observation) to record the behavior of the study subjects. The feeding events of the focal individual were recorded using the "all occurrences" method. The supplementation was unevenly distributed during the day and accounted for 5-6% of all feeding events of male and female howlers, respectively. JA always received fruit in a platform, whereas RO had access to fruits and processed foods on roofs and directly from humans. The mean biomass of wild foods ingested by each adult per day was >300% higher than the ingested biomass of supplemented foods (females: 395 vs. 109 g/day; males: 377 vs. 120 g/day), but the ingestion rate of supplemented foods was ca. 400% higher than that of wild foods (females: 17 vs. 4 g/min; males: 19 vs. 5 g/ min). The activity budgets of females and males were dominated by resting (66-72%) followed by feeding (18-14%), moving (12-11%), and socializing (2%). We found that food supplementation reduced the ingestion of wild fruits, but it did not affect the howlers' need to ingest a given amount of leaves per day and the time spent resting, feeding, moving, and socializing. K E Y W O R D SAlouatta guariba clamitans, anthropic food, behavioral flexibility, diet, human-wildlife interaction, provisioning

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplemented howler monkeys eat less wild fruits, but do not change their activity budgets

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Bicca‐Marques

2019

American J Primatol

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“…Alouatta, which are known to occur in urban areas [46]. We focused on the primate database within the GMPD because these records are most up to date.…”

Section: Methods (A) Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of urban habitat use on parasitism in mammals: a meta-analysis

Werner

Nunn

2020

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Rates of urbanization are increasing globally, with consequences for the dynamics of parasites and their wildlife hosts. A small subset of mammal species have the dietary and behavioural flexibility to survive in urban settings. The changes that characterize urban ecology—including landscape transformation, modified diets and shifts in community composition—can either increase or decrease susceptibility and exposure to parasites. We used a meta-analytic approach to systematically assess differences in endoparasitism between mammals in urban and non-urban habitats. Parasite prevalence estimates in matched urban and non-urban mammal populations from 33 species were compiled from 46 published studies, and an overall effect of urban habitation on parasitism was derived after controlling for study and parasite genus. Parasite life cycle type and host order were investigated as moderators of the effect sizes. We found that parasites with complex life cycles were less prevalent in urban carnivore and primate populations than in non-urban populations. However, we found no difference in urban and non-urban prevalence for parasites in rodent and marsupial hosts, or differences in prevalence for parasites with simple life cycles in any host taxa. Our findings therefore suggest the disruption of some parasite transmission cycles in the urban ecological community.

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“…Procolobus rufomitratus and Colobus guereza : Gillespie and Chapman, 2008; Alouatta spp. : Arroyo-Rodríguez and Dias, 2009; Ateles geoffroyi : Chaves et al, 2011; see also Marsh, 2003; Marsh and Chapman, 2013), the impact of urbanization on primate survival in the Neotropics and Afrotropics has been often neglected (but see Gordo et al, 2013; Cibot et al, 2015; Bicca-Marques, 2017; Katsis et al, 2018; Cunneyworth and Duke, 2020; Cunneyworth and Slade, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Papio ursinus : Beamish and O’Riain, 2004; Pan troglodytes : Cibot et al, 2015; Chlorocebus pygerythrus : Chapman et al, 2016; Colobus angolensis and Cercopithecus mitis : Cunneyworth and Slade, 2021) and the Americas (e.g. Alouatta guariba clamitans : Chaves and Bicca-Marques, 2017; Corrêa et al, 2018; Back and Bicca-Marques, 2019; Cebus imitator : Mckinney, 2011; Saguinus bicolor : Gordo et al, 2013). However, peri-urban primates are also exposed to the aforementioned intense vehicle traffic in roads and highways, powerline networks, dog attacks and human mistreatment while navigating between food patches (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife is imperiled in peri-urban landscapes: threats to arboreal mammals

Chaves

Júnior²,

Buss

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Urbanization and deforestation impose severe challenges to wildlife, particularly for forest-living vertebrates. Understanding how the peri-urban matrix impacts their survival is critical for designing strategies to promote their conservation. We investigated the threats faced by brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in peri-urban regions of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) states, southern Brazil, by compiling conflicts reported over more than two decades. We assessed the major conflicts, their distribution among age-sex classes, and the predictors of conflict-related mortality using GLMMs. After 20+ years of monitoring, we compiled 540 conflicts (RS=248 and SC=292). Electrocution in power lines was the most frequent cause of death or injury (37%), followed by dog attack (34%), run over (17%), and human mistreatment (12%). The occurrence of lethal injuries ranged from 5% to 69% depending on the type of conflict and state. The overall post-conflict mortality was 56%. Adult males and females were the major victims in both states. The minimal adequate GLMM explained 83% of the variation in conflict-related mortality. State, conflict type, and age-sex class were the main predictors of mortality. Overall, mortality was lower in SC and after human mistreatment, and higher among adult females than in the other classes. We found that the survival of brown howlers in the forest-urban interface is constrained by both the urban infrastructure and the growing interactions with humans and domestic and stray dogs. We propose the placement of aerial bridges, road signs and speed bumps in areas of frequent animal crossing, the sterilization of stray dogs, and the sensitization of local inhabitants on the importance of respecting and protecting wildlife to reduce their conflicts with humans and domestic animals in the forest-urban interface.Graphical AbstractHIGHLIGHTSWe investigated the threats faced by brown howler monkeys in peri-urban regions of southern Brazil.After 20+ years of monitoring, we compiled 540 conflicts between monkeys and humans in the two study regions.The main conflicts were electrocution (37%), dog attack (34%), run over (17%), and mistreatment (12%).Lethal injuries ranged from 5% to 69% depending on conflict type.State, conflict type, and age-sex class explained 83% of the variation in conflict-related mortality.

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Urbanization (and Primate Conservation)

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Supplemented howler monkeys eat less wild fruits, but do not change their activity budgets

Supplemented howler monkeys eat less wild fruits, but do not change their activity budgets

Effect of urban habitat use on parasitism in mammals: a meta-analysis

Wildlife is imperiled in peri-urban landscapes: threats to arboreal mammals

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