Urbanization effects on the microclimate of Manaus: A modeling study

Souza, Diego Oliveira de; Alvalá, Regina Célia dos Santos; Nascimento, Maria Jussara Rodrigues do

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.08.016

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Recent studies indicate that this region has experienced both effects (urbanization and land use and cover change) in the last four decades (de Souza et al, 2016;Ometto et al, 2016). The exceptional high NHWD values recorded since the beginning of 21st century and especially for the years of 2005 and 2010 regarding the city of Manaus are representative of the abnormally hot and dry periods that have been observed in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We recognize that urban heat islands and deforestation/land use may have an important role for the development of HWs here investigated and therefore enhance the impacts of extreme climate events. Recent studies indicate that this region has experienced both effects (urbanization and land use and cover change) in the last four decades (de Souza et al, ; Ometto et al, ). The exceptional high NHWD values recorded since the beginning of 21st century and especially for the years of 2005 and 2010 regarding the city of Manaus are representative of the abnormally hot and dry periods that have been observed in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatic and synoptic characterization of heat waves in Brazil

Geirinhas

Trigo

Libonati

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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According to the latest global and regional circulation models, the probability of occurrence of large heat waves (HWs), such as the 2003 European or the 2010 Russian events will increase significantly in the following decades under most climate scenarios. Currently, there are numerous studies for the Northern Hemisphere characterizing HWs and evaluating their impacts in several areas such as public health, economy, and agriculture. However, over South America, and in particular for Brazil, similar analysis is lacking despite its large geographical extension and numerous population potentially affected. Here we perform an assessment of HW events and characteristics recorded in six large Brazilian cities during the last five decades. The performed analysis reveals the existence of positive and significant trends in HW frequency since the 1980s, particularly for the cities of São Paulo, Manaus, and Recife. Over the last decades, Brasília was the city that recorded the highest number of days per year under a HW regime, contrasting with Rio de Janeiro that recorded the lowest value. The assessment of the large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns associated with summer HWs, indicated for Porto Alegre, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Brasília the presence of well‐marked concentric and positive 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies followed by positive 850 hPa temperature anomalies. These anomalies are likely associated with quasi‐stationary anticyclonic systems promoted by anomalous westward displacements of the South Atlantic Subtropical High System which are related to a weakening of other transients (and non‐transient) systems such the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. For Manaus, the identified anomalies are linked to a northward displacement of the ITCZ. This configuration is compatible with an increase in solar radiative pattern and decreased soil moisture, enhancing surface temperature values, possibly associated with positive feedback mechanisms between soil and the atmosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic and synoptic characterization of heat waves in Brazil

Geirinhas

Trigo

Libonati

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…The globe has in recent decades undergone an intensified process of urbanization accompanied with numerous environmental problems, including land use/cover change from forest or agricultural to residential or commercial, biodiversity loss, water cycle change and water quality deterioration, and terrestrial or aquatic carbon cycle change [Coreau and Martin, 2007;Sickman et al, 2007;Astaraie-Imani et al, 2007;Williams et al, 2016;Souza et al, 2016]. The change of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and terrestrial or aquatic carbon budget resulting from urbanization has created a research hot spot in the context of global warming, in order to explore the effect of human activities on carbon cycling and assess how ecosystems are responding to the rapid urbanization at both local and global scales [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate River systems, transporting water and carbon (dissolved and particulate inorganic and organic carbon) from terrestrial environment to the ocean, play a major biogeochemical role in the global carbon cycle [Degens et al, 2007;Ludwig et al, 1996].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CO 2 production in streams and rivers is closely related not only to the internal carbon dynamics but also to the biogeochemical processes of terrestrial ecosystem within the watershed, including the influx of soil CO 2 and wetland CO 2 through base flow or interflow and in situ aqueous respiration of organic carbon [Yao et al, 2007;Johnson et al, 2008;Humborg et al, 2010;Li et al, 2012]. The magnitude of CO 2 evasion from rivers is susceptible to the rapid urbanization particularly in developing countries and areas [Seto et al, 2012], which can alter the quantity and composition of organic matter delivered to rivers [Sickman et al, 2007;Williams et al, 2016], and affects the hydrological process, basin characteristics, inputs of nutrients and pollutants, and the subsequent aquatic metabolism [Vachon et al, 2010;Rasera et al, 2013;Li et al, 2013;Souza et al, 2016]. As a result, though not directly evidenced, global urbanization may be another potential reason for the large uncertainties and the subsequent misestimate of global water-to-air CO 2 flux [Li et al, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pCO₂ and CO₂ fluxes of the metropolitan river network in relation to the urbanization of Chongqing, China

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2017

JGR Biogeosciences

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Most rivers of the world are supersaturated with carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting in a large gas flux that has only recently been included in global carbon budgeting. However, little is known about CO2 emissions from urban river networks suffering anthropogenic disturbance in the context of global urbanization. We surveyed the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and CO2 flux from 84 locations in the Chongqing metropolitan river network, with an area of 5494 km2. The overall mean pCO2 and CO2 fluxes were 2152 µatm and 163.0 mol C m−2 yr−1, respectively, with 318.9 mol C m−2 yr−1 from rivers in the completely urban area and 49.6 mol C m−2 yr−1 from the least urbanized area. The riverine pCO2 level increased with the proportion of urban land, with 2–4 times higher CO2 flux in the urban areas than the remote rural ones. Sites with low flow velocity, narrow channel, and factitious bottom sediment appeared to be local hot spots of CO2 emission. The pCO2 and CO2 degassing was positively correlated with the nutrients content of surface water (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus). Carbon was released to the atmosphere as CO2 from Chongqing metropolitan river network at a rate of 12.3 × 109 mol C yr−1. pCO2 exhibited a clear seasonality with lower values in March 2015 and June 2015 but a higher value in September 2014, which was coregulated by temperature, flood dilution, and in situ photosynthesis. The results highlight that rapid urbanization, with increasing nutrients loading and anthropogenic activities, will alter the carbon biogeochemical cycle in the terrestrial‐aqueous‐atmospheric ecosystem and then impact global CO2 budgets.

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“…In most developing countries, the phenomenon of accelerated urban growth sustained by population has become problematic (Tewolde & Cabral, ). Urban growth, often characterized by random and unplanned development has resulted in the loss of vegetation and agricultural land, biodiversity degradation, heat island effects, habitat fragmentation and concerns of sustainable development worldwide (Griggs et al ., ; Pawe & Saikia, ; Souza et al ., ; Son & Thanh, ). This has caused concern among administrators, economists, environmentalists, and urban planners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decumbent development: Urban sprawl in the Guwahati Metropolitan Area, India

Pawe

Saikia

2020

Singap J Trop Geogr

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Urban sprawl has become a global phenomenon as an outcome of growing population and rapid urbanization. Previous studies have addressed the rising incidence of uncontrollable urban development, particularly in peri‐urban areas of cities, leading to chronic urban sprawl. The city of Guwahati, a million city in north east India, has expanded significantly in recent years. In this article, the links between population and growth of built‐up areas were examined using geo‐spatial techniques and remotely sensed datasets. The results indicate that the sprawl has accentuated in recent years. The intensity of land use remained uneven due to marked variations in the distribution of built‐up areas, plausibly an outcome of unplanned urban growth. If current trends are anything to go by, future urban sprawl could pose serious threats to the vulnerable eco‐sensitive and peri‐urban areas of Guwahati. Secondary cities have unfortunately received scant attention in urban policy research, and Guwahati, epitomizes urban woes in a developing country.

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Urbanization effects on the microclimate of Manaus: A modeling study

Cited by 51 publications

References 26 publications

Climatic and synoptic characterization of heat waves in Brazil

Climatic and synoptic characterization of heat waves in Brazil

pCO₂ and CO₂ fluxes of the metropolitan river network in relation to the urbanization of Chongqing, China

Decumbent development: Urban sprawl in the Guwahati Metropolitan Area, India

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Urbanization effects on the microclimate of Manaus: A modeling study

Cited by 51 publications

References 26 publications

Climatic and synoptic characterization of heat waves in Brazil

Climatic and synoptic characterization of heat waves in Brazil

pCO2 and CO2 fluxes of the metropolitan river network in relation to the urbanization of Chongqing, China

Decumbent development: Urban sprawl in the Guwahati Metropolitan Area, India

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pCO₂ and CO₂ fluxes of the metropolitan river network in relation to the urbanization of Chongqing, China