Urbanization, Environment and Homelessness in the Developing world: The Sustainable Housing Development.

Abstract

The problem of homelessness has been necessitated by several factors, including persistent population increases, inadequate housing, and uncontrolled urban growth pattern resulting in "homelessness" among the vast majority of urban dwellers. The need to ensure decent and affordable shelter to the people, particularly the urban poor, is therefore central to the achievement and improvement of both human living standards and societal development (Jiboye, 2011

Smart City Response to Homelessness

“…Therefore, it is preferable to match that individual with a housing provider which carries the lowest weight before that housing provider is at full capacity. Consider the following scenario, H = {h 1 , h 2 }, S = {s 1 , s 2 }, C = {1, 1}, and W = { [2,10], [3,4]}. In this case, individual h 1 has a higher weight disparity comparing to individual h 2 , and the capacity constraint creates a consequential decision, so that, if h 2 is assigned to s 1 , then, h 1 must be assigned to s 2 , which is the non-optimal solution.…”

“…Makespan is the maximum load on any machine in set M, and the scheduling problem by finding the assignment with minimum makespan is an NP-hard problem. 2 Similar to makespan, we are interested in an assignment solution where every homeless individual is offered a housing provider with minimum weight based on a set of constraints. Because of this similarity, we will summarize relevant makespan research in this section.…”

“…As the disparity increases, fairness decreases and a system that favors only a few individuals has a fairness index near 0. 2 We use the term NP-hard referring to solving any NP-problem (nondeterministic polynomial time). NP-hard therefore, means ''at least as hard as an NP-complete problem.…”

“…In this subsection, each algorithm is executed as a separate program instance, and the step-by-step working example of the algorithms is illustrated and compared using the input data defined in Scenario 1 (Figure 1). Scenario 1 is defined as follows: 1, 1, 1], and W = [ [20,22,6,7], [25,6,23,14], [17,1,0,2], [4,3,18,25]].…”

“…It is expected that, within five decades, seven out of ten humans will be living in urban areas [1]. Rapid urbanization is among the primary factors that cause the rise in the population experiencing homelessness [2]. Additionally, the 2008 economic crisis was followed by an economic downturn [3].…”