Urea and surfactant assisted hydrothermal growth of ceria nanoparticles

Chavhan, Madhav P.; Lu, Chung‐Hsin; Som, Sudipta

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124944

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Urea is also commonly used in various synthetic methods for preparing CeONPs. As in the case of CeCb, urea can act as a precipitating agent in the synthesis of CeONP via thermal decomposition. , In the hydrothermal synthesis of CeONPs, urea can act as either a reducing agent or a supporting substance for crystal growth . In addition, urea can act as a fuel for exothermic reactions in a microwave-assisted combustion method .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34,35 In the hydrothermal synthesis of CeONPs, urea can act as either a reducing agent 36 or a supporting substance for crystal growth. 37 In addition, urea can act as a fuel for exothermic reactions in a microwave-assisted combustion method. 38 Although urea is commonly used for the synthesis of CeCb and CeONPs, a heating process to induce the decomposition of urea is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Facile Room-Temperature Synthesis of Cerium Carbonate and Cerium Oxide Nano- and Microparticles Using 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole and Imidazole in a Nonaqueous Solvent

Choi

Kim

2021

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ceria nanoparticles (CeONPs) are versatile materials due to their unique catalytic properties, and cerium carbonate particles (CeCbPs) have been widely used as precursors for cerium oxide due to their ease of production. Urea is a widely used precipitant and a source of carbonate ions for the synthesis of CeONPs and CeCbPs, and the reaction temperature is important for controlling the rate of urea decomposition. However, the precise control of the temperature is often difficult, especially in large-scale reactions. Herein, we propose a homogeneous precipitation method that uses 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and imidazole in acetone without heating. The decomposition rate of CDI can be controlled by the amount of water in the reaction mixture. In the synthesis of CeCbPs, unique particle morphologies of plate-, flying-saucer-, and macaron-like shapes and a wide range of sizes from 180 nm to 13 μm can be achieved by adjusting the amount of CDI, imidazole, and water in the reaction. These CeCbPs are transformed into ceria particles by calcination while maintaining their characteristic morphology. Moreover, the direct synthesis of 130 nm spherical CeONPs was possible by decreasing the amount of CDI in the reaction and the mixing time. These nanoparticles exhibited higher production efficiency and superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties compared to the other CeONPs obtained from calcination. These results demonstrate a novel method using CDI and imidazole in the synthesis of CeONPs and CeCbPs without the aid of a heating process, which may be useful in the large-scale synthesis and application of CeO nanomaterials.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Room-Temperature Synthesis of Cerium Carbonate and Cerium Oxide Nano- and Microparticles Using 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole and Imidazole in a Nonaqueous Solvent

Choi

Kim

2021

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Conventional hydrothermal synthesis of ceria nanoparticles is believed to start with formation of cerium hydroxides, followed by conversion to CeO 2 at high temperature and pressures, with shape changes due to some combination of Ostwald ripening and oriented attachment mechanisms. − There is some recent evidence that the presence of urea influences the reaction, for instance by accelerating the oriented attachment mechanism. − It has also been found that hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of urea can form carbonate species such as Ce(OH)CO 3 and Ce 2 O(CO 3 ) 2 as primary products, which then form CeO 2 on calcination. − Figure shows the carbonate bands for asymmetric stretch vibration at 1400–1600 cm –1 and the peak for carbonate bond out-of-plane bend vibration at 843 cm –1 in the sample obtained before calcination demonstrating the formation of these intermediate carbonate species. After calcination, the peaks associated with carbonate bands disappear while the broad peak at low wavelengths confirm the Ce–O bond in both samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Synthesis of CeO₂ Nanoparticles in a Continuous Microreactor Using Deep Eutectic Reline As Solvent

Expósito

Barrie

Torrente‐Murciano

2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrothermal methods have conventionally enabled the synthesis of a wide range of nanomaterials. However, these simple, single-step syntheses lack scalability due to the need of high temperatures and autogenous pressures to enable the dissolution of reagents and crystallization of the product. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time fast continuous synthesis of ceria nanoparticles at moderate conditions through the combination of the deep eutectic solvent reline (an eutectic mixture of choline chloride and urea) as reaction medium and the high heat and mass transfer rate offered by microreactors. Almost 100% yields are obtained within 100 s of residence time at 160 °C, with some conversion achieved even at temperatures as low as 120 °C. Such rapid synthesis takes place thanks to the molecular structure of the solvent which facilitates the fast nucleation of cerium oxycarbonate as an intermediate product. As expected in a kinetically controlled system, pressure and initial cerium concentration have negligible effects on the yield obtained. The rapid reaction, the cheap, benign, and environmentally friendly solvent, and the lack of additional additives in this work opens the door to sustainable large-scale continuous synthesis of ceria nanoparticles as well as other nanostructured materials.

show abstract

“…In the case of ceria (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs), morphology is known to play an essential role in determining their redox and catalytic performances in many applications [5][6][7]. Although controlling of morphologies have been one of the main issue in the synthesis of ceria NPs [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], the effective surface area of the NP systems can also impact their performance. Size distribution in systems of NPs significantly affects the effective values of surface area for chemical reactions [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proper usage of Scherrer's and Guinier's formulas in X-ray analysis of size distribution in systems of monocrystalline CeO2 nanoparticles

Valerio¹,

Trindade²,

S.³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In nowadays, X-ray diffraction and scattering phenomena are widely used as analytical tools in the optimization and control of nanomaterial synthesizing processes. In systems of monocrystalline nanoparticles with size distribution, the physical meaning of size values as determined by using Xray methods is still controvertial. To answer such fundamental issue, series of virtual nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 1 nm to 90 nm were generated and their exact scattering power computed via pair distance distribution function. Composed X-ray diffraction and scattering patterns from systems of virtual nanoparticles demonstrated that diffraction and scattering phenomena see the size distributions with different weightings. Therefore, combining both phenomena leads to the determination of size distribution in the systems. In practice, X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering experiments were applied to solve the size distributions in a series of samples of cubic ceria nanoparticles, revealing a systematic size dispersion as a function of synthesis parameters.

show abstract

Urea and surfactant assisted hydrothermal growth of ceria nanoparticles

Cited by 34 publications

References 56 publications

Facile Room-Temperature Synthesis of Cerium Carbonate and Cerium Oxide Nano- and Microparticles Using 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole and Imidazole in a Nonaqueous Solvent

Facile Room-Temperature Synthesis of Cerium Carbonate and Cerium Oxide Nano- and Microparticles Using 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole and Imidazole in a Nonaqueous Solvent

Fast Synthesis of CeO₂ Nanoparticles in a Continuous Microreactor Using Deep Eutectic Reline As Solvent

Proper usage of Scherrer's and Guinier's formulas in X-ray analysis of size distribution in systems of monocrystalline CeO2 nanoparticles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Urea and surfactant assisted hydrothermal growth of ceria nanoparticles

Cited by 34 publications

References 56 publications

Facile Room-Temperature Synthesis of Cerium Carbonate and Cerium Oxide Nano- and Microparticles Using 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole and Imidazole in a Nonaqueous Solvent

Facile Room-Temperature Synthesis of Cerium Carbonate and Cerium Oxide Nano- and Microparticles Using 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole and Imidazole in a Nonaqueous Solvent

Fast Synthesis of CeO2 Nanoparticles in a Continuous Microreactor Using Deep Eutectic Reline As Solvent

Proper usage of Scherrer's and Guinier's formulas in X-ray analysis of size distribution in systems of monocrystalline CeO2 nanoparticles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Fast Synthesis of CeO₂ Nanoparticles in a Continuous Microreactor Using Deep Eutectic Reline As Solvent