Urea Electrooxidation in Alkaline Environment: Fundamentals and Applications

Abstract

Urea is an important chemical in agricultural, biosystem and chemical engineering. It can not only be a fertilizer and feed supplement, but also converted into electricity and hydrogen based on the counterpart half-reactions. In this concept, we demonstrated the fundamental mechanism of electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and its various applications on environmental, energy and healthcare devices with typical examples. UOR providing potential directions for the electrochemical treatment of urea-contained wastewater were also introduced in this concept. This work is not focused on electrocatalyst design, but rather offers instructive guidance for the UOR developments in environmental, energy, and healthcare devices.

Electronic Structure Effect of PtCo Alloy with Adjustable Compositions for Efficient Methanol Electrooxidation

“…However, when the Co To further verify the surface composition and valence structures of Pt 1 Co x /MWCNTs, XPS analysis was carried out. 53 This analysis verified the corresponding content of Pt, Co, and C in the as-prepared samples (Figure S3). The Co content on the surface of Pt 1 Co x /MWCNTs increases with the addition of the Co precursor, indicating a close relationship between the Co content and the Co source (Table S2).…”

“…To further verify the surface composition and valence structures of Pt 1 Co x /MWCNTs, XPS analysis was carried out . This analysis verified the corresponding content of Pt, Co, and C in the as-prepared samples (Figure S3).…”

Review on Biomass-Derived Carbon-Based Materials for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production: State of the Art and Outlook

“…In recent years, biomass-derived carbons materials can effectively strengthen the interaction between noble and non-noble metals and carbon carriers, improve the dispersion, stability, and catalytic performance of noble and non-noble metals, and have been widely used in energy conversion and storage materials. − Therefore, the noble- and non-noble-doped biomass-derived carbon materials are usually prepared by hydrothermal carbonization with the assistance of other methods to improve the dispersion of these noble and non-noble metals. Palanisamy et al, for instance, obtained the carbon spheres from agro-waste using hydrothermal carbonization in the first step.…”

Theoretical Exploration of Anchoring Type Effects of C2N Nanosheet-Supported Nickel Atoms for Urea Electrooxidation

“…Urea is an organic compound with a high nitrogen content. It is naturally produced through the decomposition of proteins in biological bodies and is widely known for its use as a variety of nitrogen fertilizers and industrial raw materials. − However, when urea enters aquatic systems through industrial wastewater, agricultural applications, and human and animal metabolites, it gradually hydrolyzes into ammonia, leading to algal blooms and further decomposition into harmful nitrogen oxides in the air. − Therefore, treating urea contaminants in water systems is crucial to prevent their negative impact on the environment.…”