Urea treatment of whole‐crop triticale at four growth stages: effects on chemical composition and on <i>in vitro</i> digestibility of cell wall

Guedes, Cristina; Rodrigues, M.A.M.; Gomes, Maria José; Silva, Severiano; Ferreira, L. M. M.; Mascarenhas-Ferreira, A.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2444

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…nutritive value and digestibility (Dias-da-Silva and SundstØl, 1986;Guedes et al, 2006;Mascarenhas-Ferreira et al, 1989;Sarwar and Khan, 2004). Breakdown of urea to ammonia via hydrolysis during 2-3 weeks of ensiling without any urease addition was reported by Ibrahim et al (1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effect of urea addition on giant reed ensilage and subsequent methane production by anaerobic digestion

Liu

Liew

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

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The effect of urea addition on giant reed ensilage and sequential anaerobic digestion (AD) of the ensiled giant reed was evaluated. The dry matter loss during ensilage (up to 90 days) with or without urea addition was about 1%. Addition of 2% urea enhanced production of lactic acid by about 4 times, and reduced production of propionic acid by 2-8 times. Besides, urea addition reduced degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, and increased degradation of lignin in giant reed during ensilage. Ensilage with or without urea addition had no significant effects on the enzymatic digestibility of giant reed, but ensilage with urea addition achieved a cumulative methane yield of 173 L/kg VS, which was 18% higher than that of fresh giant reed. The improved methane yield of giant reed could be attributed to the production of organic acids and ethanol during ensilage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effect of urea addition on giant reed ensilage and subsequent methane production by anaerobic digestion

Liu

Liew

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

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“…Acids, especially formic acid in the Nordic countries, are commonly added to initiate the preservation [ 3 ]. Requirements to increase the nutritional value of animal feed and to preserve the carbohydrates during the storage have led to increased research on, for example, urea and acidic additives [ 4 , 5 ]. Acidic pretreatments have been found to enhance the production of biogas or bioethanol by decreasing the crystallinity of the cellulosic material [ 6 ], by increasing the accessible surface area of plant substrates, and by altering lignin structure [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaline conditions may also be used for storing crops. Urea treatments, especially on late-harvested crops, were found to preserve the carbohydrate and nutrient contents during storage [ 4 ] and the added urea improved slightly the nutritive value of nitrogen-poor crops, such as whole-crop maize, as feed for ruminants [ 10 ]. Alkaline preservation has been found to improve also the enzymatic conversion [ 9 , 11 - 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of preservation methods for improving biogas production and enzymatic conversion yields of annual crops

Pakarinen

Maijala

Jaakkola

et al. 2011

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundThe use of energy crops and agricultural residues is expected to increase to fulfil the legislative demands of bio-based components in transport fuels. Ensiling methods, adapted from the feed sector, are suitable storage methods to preserve fresh crops throughout the year for, for example, biogas production. Various preservation methods, namely ensiling with and without acid addition for whole crop maize, fibre hemp and faba bean were investigated. For the drier fibre hemp, alkaline urea treatment was studied as well. These treatments were also explored as mild pretreatment methods to improve the disassembly and hydrolysis of these lignocellulosic substrates.ResultsThe investigated storage treatments increased the availability of the substrates for biogas production from hemp and in most cases from whole maize but not from faba bean. Ensiling of hemp, without or with addition of formic acid, increased methane production by more than 50% compared to fresh hemp. Ensiling resulted in substantially increased methane yields also from maize, and the use of formic acid in ensiling of maize further enhanced methane yields by 16%, as compared with fresh maize. Ensiled faba bean, in contrast, yielded somewhat less methane than the fresh material. Acidic additives preserved and even increased the amount of the valuable water-soluble carbohydrates during storage, which affected most significantly the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of maize. However, preservation without additives decreased the enzymatic hydrolysis yield especially in maize, due to its high content of soluble sugars that were already converted to acids during storage. Urea-based preservation significantly increased the enzymatic hydrolysability of hemp. Hemp, preserved with urea, produced the highest carbohydrate increase of 46% in enzymatic hydrolysis as compared to the fresh material. Alkaline pretreatment conditions of hemp improved also the methane yields.ConclusionsThe results of the present work show that ensiling and alkaline preservation of fresh crop materials are useful pretreatment methods for methane production. Improvements in enzymatic hydrolysis were also promising. While all three crops still require a more powerful pretreatment to release the maximum amount of carbohydrates, anaerobic preservation is clearly a suitable storage and pretreatment method prior to production of platform sugars from fresh crops.

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“…Carvalho et al (2006) ammoniated sugarcane bagasse with 0; 2.5; 5.0 and 7.5% urea and reported an increasing quadratic effect for the ADIN content with the increase in the dose applied. The increase in ADIN content in forages subjected to ammoniation is attributed to the binding between part of the applied nitrogen and the components of the cell wall (Guedes et al, 2006). From the nutritional point of view, this increase is undesirable since this nitrogen source is not available to the ruminant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritive value of Tifton 85 hay ammoniated with urea

Almeida

Morais

Moreira

et al. 2018

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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The effect of ammonization was evaluated with urea at doses of 1, 2, 3 and 4%, on the basis of dry matter (DM) on Tifton 85 hay harvested at an advanced stage of development in the periods of 30 and 45 days, through analysis of dry matter, ash, ether extract (EE), neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fiber, NDF corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), cellulose, lignin, crude protein (CP), acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), fractionation of carbohydrates and in vitro gas production (Parameters: Vf1, k1, Vf2, k2 and L). The variables DM, EE, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose, NDFap, fraction A + B1, fraction B2 and C of carbohydrates, and the Vf1 and Vf2 parameters were influenced by treatments (p < 0.05). While DM, NDF, NDFap, fraction A + B1, C, CP and Vf2 showed linear effects according to the dose, NIDA and hemicellulose presented quadratic effects. Vf1 and Vf2 were also influenced by the treatment period. The ammonization with 2.7% urea on the basis of DM promotes improvement of Tifton 85 hay treated for 45 days, observed after derivation of the regression equation and evaluation of the nutritional and kinetic degradation in vitro.

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Urea treatment of whole‐crop triticale at four growth stages: effects on chemical composition and on in vitro digestibility of cell wall

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of urea addition on giant reed ensilage and subsequent methane production by anaerobic digestion

Effect of urea addition on giant reed ensilage and subsequent methane production by anaerobic digestion

Evaluation of preservation methods for improving biogas production and enzymatic conversion yields of annual crops

Nutritive value of Tifton 85 hay ammoniated with urea

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