Ureas and amides as dipolar aprotic solvents in highly basic media. The dependence of kinetic basicity on solvent composition

Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction in N,N-Dimethylacetamide/Water as an Alternative Solvent System

“…In the solvent systems we have examined, DMA gives a good result. DMA has higher resistance to hydrolysis than DMF, and DMA does not afford formate but acetate even if it is hydrolyzed . Figure a,b shows the time courses of the photoreaction in CO 2 and Ar-saturated DMA/water (9:1, v/v), respectively.…”

“…Time dependence of the reaction was pursued by analyzing each reaction tube with different irradiation times. 13 C NMR Study for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. The DMAd 9 /water (9:1 v/v, 0.83 mL) or DMF-d 7 /water (9:1 v/v, 0.83 mL) solution containing [Ru(bpy) 2 (CO) 2 ](PF 6 ) 2 (1.0 × 10 −4 M), [Ru(bpy) 3 ](PF 6 ) 2 (5.0 × 10 −4 M), and BNAH (0.10 M) in an NMR tube (i.d.…”

“…The DMAd 9 /water (9:1 v/v, 0.83 mL) or DMF-d 7 /water (9:1 v/v, 0.83 mL) solution containing [Ru(bpy) 2 (CO) 2 ](PF 6 ) 2 (1.0 × 10 −4 M), [Ru(bpy) 3 ](PF 6 ) 2 (5.0 × 10 −4 M), and BNAH (0.10 M) in an NMR tube (i.d. = 4 mm) was bubbled with 13 CO 2 gas, which was generated by addition of 1.0 M sulfuric acid to Ba 13 CO 3 powder. After photoirradiation using a 400 W high-pressure mercury lamp (λ > 400 nm; Riko Kagaku, L-39 cutoff filter) in a merry-go-round irradiation apparatus (Riko Kagaku, RH400−10W) for 3 h, the 13 C NMR spectra were measured on a Bruker AVANCE II 600 spectrometer.…”

Volumetric properties of binary mixtures of N, N- dimethylformamide with water or water- d2 at temperatures from 277.13 K to 318.15 K

“…This is an extension of our previous research on deuterium isotope effects (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) and the presently ongoing study on aqueous dipolar aprotic solvents as highly basic media. (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) Among the dipolar aprotic solvents, N ,N -dimethylformamide (DMF) is one of the most widely used. It is highly polar with a relative permittivity of 37.04 (27) and a dipole moment of 12.86 · 10 −30 C · m (28) at T = 298.15 K but its molecules are practically nonassociated, which makes DMF a good solvent for different groups of compounds.…”

Vibrational spectroscopic studies of N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea–water system: Affected solvent spectra and factor analysis

“…This is even more surprising, when we take into consideration that significant difference of structure between the two solvents is expected on the basis of thermodynamic transfer functions for monovalent ions [10]. Furthermore, DMPU is kinetically stable in aqueous solution and hydrolyzes extremely slowly [11].…”