Uremic Toxicity

Chmielewski, Michał J.; Heimbürger, Olof; Stenvinkel, Peter; Lindholm, Bengt

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391934-2.00004-7

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 324 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Putrescine is a common indicator of microbial food spoilage and is an antioxidant compound with reductive properties [ 28 , 29 ]. Overlapped CVs obtained using the MN redox sensor and PANI@CNT/CNC microneedle in the 88.0–873 ng/mL putrescine range are shown in Figure 7 a,b, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multipurpose and Multilayered Microneedle Sensor for Redox Potential Monitoring in Diverse Food Analysis

Mugo

Dhanjai

et al. 2022

Biosensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work presents a multipurpose and multilayered stainless steel microneedle sensor for the in situ redox potential monitoring in food and drink samples, termed MN redox sensor. The MN redox sensor was fabricated by layer-by-layer (LbL) approach. The in-tube multilayer coating comprised carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the first layer, polyaniline (PANI) as the second layer, and the ferrocyanide redox couple as the third layer. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) as a transduction method, the MN redox sensor showed facile electron transfer for probing both electrical capacitance and redox potential, useful for both analyte specific and bulk quantification of redox species in various food and drink samples. The bulk redox species were quantified based on the anodic/cathodic redox peak shifts (Ea/Ec) on the voltammograms resulting from the presence of redox-active species. The MN redox sensor was applied to detect selected redox species including ascorbic acid, H2O2, and putrescine, with capacitive limits of detection (LOD) of 49.9, 17.8, and 263 ng/mL for each species, respectively. For the bulk determination of redox species, the MN redox sensor displayed LOD of 5.27 × 103, 55.4, and 25.8 ng/mL in ascorbic acid, H2O2, and putrescine equivalents, respectively. The sensor exhibited reproducibility of ~ 1.8% relative standard deviation (%RSD). The MN redox sensor was successfully employed for the detection of fish spoilage and antioxidant quantification in king mushroom and brewed coffee samples, thereby justifying its potential for food quality and food safety applications. Lastly, the portability, reusability, rapid sampling time, and capability of in situ analysis of food and drink samples makes it amenable for real-time sensing applications.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multipurpose and Multilayered Microneedle Sensor for Redox Potential Monitoring in Diverse Food Analysis

Mugo

Dhanjai

et al. 2022

Biosensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Retention of organic solutes is considered an important driving factor for the increased cardiovascular risk [ 3 ]. These solutes can be defined as uremic toxins when they meet specific criteria: their level must be increased in uremia; there must be a clear relationship with clinical manifestations; and these manifestations must show improvement when their levels decrease and lead to the deterioration of uremic symptoms upon administration of this molecule [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food-Derived Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease

Lauriola

Farré

Evenepoel

et al. 2023

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher cardiovascular risk compared to the average population, and this is partially due to the plasma accumulation of solutes known as uremic toxins. The binding of some solutes to plasma proteins complicates their removal via conventional therapies, e.g., hemodialysis. Protein-bound uremic toxins originate either from endogenous production, diet, microbial metabolism, or the environment. Although the impact of diet on uremic toxicity in CKD is difficult to quantify, nutrient intake plays an important role. Indeed, most uremic toxins are gut-derived compounds. They include Maillard reaction products, hippurates, indoles, phenols, and polyamines, among others. In this review, we summarize the findings concerning foods and dietary components as sources of uremic toxins or their precursors. We then discuss their endogenous metabolism via human enzyme reactions or gut microbial fermentation. Lastly, we present potential dietary strategies found to be efficacious or promising in lowering uremic toxins plasma levels. Aligned with current nutritional guidelines for CKD, a low-protein diet with increased fiber consumption and limited processed foods seems to be an effective treatment against uremic toxins accumulation.

show abstract

“…In men, both methylguanidine ( p = 0.004) and 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid ( p = 0.035) were found to be significant. The typical mechanism in which methylguanidine is formed is through the oxidation of creatinine, which occurs in a diet rich in boiled beef [ 81 , 82 ]. Both methylguanidine and 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid are common urea waste products, which may signify a diet centered on red meat consumption and compromised kidney function in the obese group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metabolomic Analysis of the Sex-Dependent Hispanic Paradox

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Mexican Americans, metabolic conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), are not necessarily associated with an increase in mortality; this is the so-called Hispanic paradox. In this cross-sectional analysis, we used a metabolomic analysis to look at the mechanisms behind the Hispanic paradox. To do this, we examined dietary intake and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) in men and women and their effects on serum metabolomic fingerprints in 70 Mexican Americans (26 men, 44 women). Although having different BMI values, the participants had many similar anthropometric and biochemical parameters, such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, which supported the paradox in these subjects. Plasma metabolomic phenotypes were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A two-way ANOVA assessing sex, BMI, and the metabolome revealed 23 significant metabolites, such as 2-pyrrolidinone (p = 0.007), TMAO (p = 0.014), 2-aminoadipic acid (p = 0.019), and kynurenine (p = 0.032). Pathway and enrichment analyses discovered several significant metabolic pathways between men and women, including lysine degradation, tyrosine metabolism, and branch-chained amino acid (BCAA) degradation and biosynthesis. A log-transformed OPLS-DA model was employed and demonstrated a difference due to BMI in the metabolomes of both sexes. When stratified for caloric intake (<2200 kcal/d vs. >2200 kcal/d), a separate OPLS-DA model showed clear separation in men, while females remained relatively unchanged. After accounting for caloric intake and BMI status, the female metabolome showed substantial resistance to alteration. Therefore, we provide a better understanding of the Mexican-American metabolome, which may help demonstrate how this population—particularly women—possesses a longer life expectancy despite several comorbidities, and reveal the underlying mechanisms of the Hispanic paradox.

show abstract

Uremic Toxicity

Cited by 10 publications

References 324 publications

A Multipurpose and Multilayered Microneedle Sensor for Redox Potential Monitoring in Diverse Food Analysis

A Multipurpose and Multilayered Microneedle Sensor for Redox Potential Monitoring in Diverse Food Analysis

Food-Derived Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease

A Metabolomic Analysis of the Sex-Dependent Hispanic Paradox

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About