Plastics are everywhere in our modern
way of living, and their
production keeps increasing every year, causing major environmental
concerns. Nowadays, the end-of-life management involves accumulation
in landfills, incineration, and recycling to a lower extent. This
ecological threat to the environment is inspiring alternative bio-based
solutions for plastic waste treatment and recycling toward a circular
economy. Over the past decade, considerable efforts have been made
to degrade commodity plastics using biocatalytic approaches. Here,
we provide a comprehensive review on the recent advances in enzyme-based
biocatalysis and in the design of related biocatalytic processes to
recycle or upcycle commodity plastics, including polyesters, polyamides,
polyurethanes, and polyolefins. We also discuss scope and limitations,
challenges, and opportunities of this field of research. An important
message from this review is that polymer-assimilating enzymes are
very likely part of the solution to reaching a circular plastic economy.