Urethane acrylate‐based photosensitive resin for three‐dimensional printing of stereolithographic elastomer

Deng, Yingping; Li, Jie; He, Zuhan; Hong, Jiasheng; Bao, Jianjun

doi:10.1002/app.49294

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…An infrared spectrometer was used to perform the real-time infrared analysis on the photosensitive resin of the sample, and continuously monitor the infrared spectrum of the sample under ultraviolet light irradiation, as shown in Figure 4 . It is found that the characteristic absorption peak of C=O at the wavenumber of 1730 cm −1 is almost consistent with the results by Deng et al [ 33 ]. With the prolonged exposure time of ultraviolet light, the C=C stretching vibration and bending vibration peaks at the wave numbers of 1620 and 810 cm −1 gradually weakened, and the bending vibration absorption band outside the 983 cm −1 =CH plane also weakened, indicating that the light-curing double bond was gradually opened, and the light-curing reaction was basically completed.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Fabrication and Application of Photocatalytic Composites and Water Treatment Facility Based on 3D Printing Technology

et al. 2021

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Currently, the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater by photocatalytic technology has attracted great attention. In this study, a new type of 3D printing material with photocatalytic activity was first prepared to print a water treatment equipment, and then a layer of silver-loaded TiO2 was coated on the equipment to further improve the catalytic degradation performance. The composite filaments with a diameter of 1.75 ± 0.05 mm were prepared by a melt blending method, which contained 10 wt% of modified TiO2 and 90 wt% of PLA. The silver-loaded TiO2 was uniformly coated on the equipment through a UV-curing method. The final results showed that those modified particles were uniformly dispersed in the PLA matrix. The stable printing composite filaments could be produced when 10 wt% TiO2 was added to the PLA matrix. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation performance could be effectively improved after 5 wt% of silver loading was added. This novel facility showed good degradability of organic compounds in wastewater and bactericidal effect, which had potential applications for the drinking water treatment in the future.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Fabrication and Application of Photocatalytic Composites and Water Treatment Facility Based on 3D Printing Technology

et al. 2021

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“…Accordingly, extensive efforts have been made to identify and target specific soft, elastic acrylate formulations. [ 5–9 ] Introducing alternative crosslinking chemistries to the VAM realm, as well as AM more broadly, is highly desirable as an alternative method to gain access to a wider range of mechanical, thermal, and optical performance. [ 10–14 ] Thiol‐ene‐based polymers are one class of materials that have drawn significant attention owing to their controllable, tunable mechanical properties.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Tunable Thiol‐Ene Photoresins for Volumetric Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2020

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Volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) is an emerging approach to photo polymerbased 3D printing that produces complex 3D structures in a single step, rather than from layer-by-layer assembly. [1] This paradigm holds promise because it overcomes many of the drawbacks of layerbased fabrication, such as long build times and rough surfaces. VAM also augurs a broadening of the materials available for photopolymer 3D printing, having fewer constraints on viscosity and reactivity compared to layerwise printing. Indeed, though VAM has been demonstrated with extremely soft hydrogels, [2,3] it has relied until now almost exclusively on acrylate-based chemistry. [4] This is natural, because the oxygen inhibition of acrylate polymerization provides the threshold behavior required for VAM. However, acrylate chemistry is in general limiting due to the brittle and glassy properties of the resulting materials. Accordingly, extensive efforts have been made to identify and target specific soft, elastic acrylate formulations. [5-9] Introducing alternative crosslinking chemistries to the VAM realm, as well as AM more broadly, is highly desirable as an alternative method to gain access to a wider range of mechanical, thermal, and optical performance. [10-14] Thiol-ene-based polymers are one class of materials that have drawn significant attention owing to their controllable, tunable mechanical properties. [15-17] This is generally attributed to more uniform molecular networks in thiol-ene materials, resulting from the step-growth mechanism of the polymerization reaction. [18,19] Thiol-ene materials have already shown promise for applications including use in adhesives, electronics, and as biomaterials. [20,21] This work expands the versatility of volumetric AM by introducing a new class of VAM-compatible thiol-ene resins. We demonstrate the formulation of thiol-ene resins with the nonlinear threshold-type kinetics required for VAM and show bulk-equivalent performance in the resulting 3D printed parts, confirming the advantage of the layerless whole-part process. In our volumetric AM system, a 3D distribution of light energy is delivered to the resin vat by superimposing exposures from multiple angles, a method termed computed axial litho graphy (CAL) (Figure 1a). [2] The exposures are a sequence of projections calculated from 3D CAD models using algorithms from computed Volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) forms complete 3D objects in a single photocuring operation without layering defects, enabling 3D printed polymer parts with mechanical properties similar to their bulk material counterparts. This study presents the first report of VAM-printed thiol-ene resins. With well-ordered molecular networks, thiol-ene chemistry accesses polymer materials with a wide range of mechanical properties, moving VAM beyond the limitations of commonly used acrylate formulations. Since free-radical thiol-ene polymerization is not inhibited by oxygen, the nonlinear threshold response required in VAM is introduced by incorporating 2,2,6,6-tetrameth...

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“…Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) are also used as light-polymerized dental composite resins; however, they have high molecular weights and viscosities [ 16 ]. Owing to their high wearability and inherent biocompatibility, polyurethanes have been widely used in biomedical devices such as dental aligners and artificial hearts [ 17 , 18 ]. However, printable urethane acrylate (UA)-based photopolymer resins with tunable mechanical properties for DLP-based 3D printers have been scarcely investigated and are rarely available for purchase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Urethane Acrylate-Based 3D-Printed Denture Base Resin

et al. 2021

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In this study, five urethane acrylates (UAs), namely aliphatic urethane hexa-acrylate (87A), aromatic urethane hexa-acrylate (88A), aliphatic UA (588), aliphatic urethane triacrylate diluted in 15% HDD (594), and high-functional aliphatic UA (5812), were selected to formulate five UA-based photopolymer resins for digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing. Each UA (40 wt%) was added and blended homogenously with ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (40 wt%), isobornyl acrylate (12 wt%), diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (3 wt%), and a pink acrylic (5 wt%). Each UA-based resin specimen was designed using CAD software and fabricated using a DLP 3D printer to specific dimensions. Characteristics, mechanical properties, and cytotoxicity levels of these designed UA-based resins were investigated and compared with a commercial 3D printing denture base acrylic resin (BB base) control group at different UV exposure times. Shore hardness-measurement data and MTT assays were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, whereas viscosity, maximum strength, and modulus were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (α = 0.05). UA-based photopolymer resins with tunable mechanical properties were successfully prepared by replacing the UA materials and the UV exposure times. After 15 min of UV exposure, the 5812 and 594 groups exhibited higher viscosities, whereas the 88A and 87A groups exhibited lower viscosities compared with the BB base group. Maximum flexural strength, flexural modulus, and Shore hardness values also revealed significant differences among materials (p < 0.001). Based on MTT assay results, the UA-based photopolymer resins were nontoxic. In the present study, mechanical properties of the designed photopolymer resins could be adjusted by changing the UA or UV exposure time, suggesting that aliphatic urethane acrylate has good potential for use in the design of printable resins for DLP-type 3D printing in dental applications.

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Urethane acrylate‐based photosensitive resin for three‐dimensional printing of stereolithographic elastomer

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Fabrication and Application of Photocatalytic Composites and Water Treatment Facility Based on 3D Printing Technology

Fabrication and Application of Photocatalytic Composites and Water Treatment Facility Based on 3D Printing Technology

Highly Tunable Thiol‐Ene Photoresins for Volumetric Additive Manufacturing

Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Urethane Acrylate-Based 3D-Printed Denture Base Resin

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