Urethral glands in the wall of the female urethra of rats, mice and closely related rodents

Shehata, Ramzy

doi:10.1159/000144345

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The mucous glands in the wall of the female urethra are similar to those described by Shehata [1974] in other species of rats, mice and closely related rodents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…He also described that gland in Arvicanthis niloticus and Meriones tibycus [Shehata, 1975] and noticed its absence in other species of rats and mice. Urethral glands in the wall of the female urethra, on the other hand, were widely distributed in rats, mice and closely related rodents [Shehata, 1974], A question arose about the presence or absence of these two structures in the home rat Rattus norvegicus. So, it was decided to investigate the subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Female prostate and urethral glands in the home rat, Rattus norvegicus

Shehata¹

1980

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…The mucous glands in the wall of the female urethra are similar to those described by Shehata [1974] in other species of rats, mice and closely related rodents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female prostate and urethral glands in the home rat, Rattus norvegicus

Shehata¹

1980

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…Our histological examination demonstrated the existence of multiple ducts and glands in the paraurethral tissue of dogs, whereas we found only a few paraurethral glands and ducts in rats, but never any structures resembling prostatic lobes, as described for some strains (6). DISCUSSION…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Rosamicin in Urethral and Vaginal Secretions and Tissues in Dogs and Rats

Hoyme¹,

Baumueller²,

Madsen

1977

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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In animal studies we investigated the distribution of rosamicin in plasma and urethral and vaginal tissues in rats as well as in urethral and vaginal secretions in dogs. We found concentration ratios between urethral secretion and plasma of 1.9 and between vaginal secretion and plasma of 2.4. The rosamicin concentrations in urethral and vaginal tissue significantly exceeded the levels of all other tissues investigated. Because rosamicin could be valuable for the treatment of bacterial urethritis and the colonization of the vaginal introitus with fecal bacteria in women, it should be investigated clinically in this respect.The mode of secretion by the female paraurethral glands, also called Skene's glands or female prostate, as well as the diffusion across the vaginal epithelium (7) and the cervical excretion (4) seems to have many analogies to the production of prostatic secretion in males (3). The therapy of chronic urethritis or the colonization of the vaginal vestibule with fecal bacteria, preceeding urinary tract infections, represents a problem comparable to that of prostatitis.In animal studies we investigated the distribution of rosamicin (rosamicin sodium dihydrogen phosphate was supplied by Schering Corp., Bloomfield, N.J.) in plasma and urethral or vaginal secretions and tissues. Rosamicin is a new basic macrolide antibiotic with good activity against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria, chlamydia, and mycoplasms (9).Previous bacteriological in vitro studies have shown relatively low minimum inhibitory concentrations of rosamicin against a large number of gram-negative microorganisms, even in a moderately acid medium (5), suggesting the possible treatment of nongonococcal urethritis or the colonization of the vaginal vestibule by the most commonly involved bacteria, such as enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli (1, 8).MATERIALS AND METHODS Six adult female dogs weighing between 11.2 and 18.2 kg were anesthetized intravenously with sodium thiopental, and the urethra was ligated at the bladder neck to prevent urine contamination. The vagina was exposed through a speculum, and blank paper disks for bioassay determinations were inserted into the urethra and the vagina with a small thread attached, making them easily retrievable.After 5 min in situ, they were removed and placed on a streptomycin assay agar to determine their rosamicin concentrations by a disk diffusion method, usingBacillus subtilis as the test organism.At the same time, blood samples were drawn for bioassay determinations. Pilocarpin, 4 mg, was given intravenously immediately before the antibiotic administration to stimulate the vaginal and urethral secretions. An intravenous bolus of rosamicin (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered followed by a continuous infusion of 3 mg/kg per h for 4 h. Blood samples were drawn, and the disks were applied immediately after the bolus injection and after 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min.To determine the rosamicin tissue concentrations of the urethra and the vagina in rats, we used...

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“…Despite an increasing number of reports on the structural characteristics of the female prostate of different species [3][4][5][6][7][8], including humans [9,10], reference to this organ is still a matter of controversy among people dealing with women's health. Moreover, its small size led some authors to conclude that the female prostate is a vestigial gland [4,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone Stimulates Growth and Secretory Activity of the Female Prostate in the Adult Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)1

Santos¹,

Leite²,

Custódio³

et al. 2006

Biology of Reproduction

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The prostate of the female gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) is similar to the human female prostate (Skene gland) and, despite its reduced size, it is functional and shows secretory activity. However, virtually nothing is known about its physiological regulation. This study was thus undertaken to evaluate the behavior of the gerbil female prostate in a hyperandrogenic condition. Adult females received subcutaneous injections of testosterone cypionate (1 mg/kg body weight every 48 h) up to 21 days. Circulating levels of testosterone and estradiol were monitored, and the prostate and ovaries subjected to structural and immunocytochemical analyses. The treatment resulted in sustained high levels of circulating testosterone, and caused a transient increase in estradiol. There was an increase in epithelial cell proliferation accompanied by significant reorganization of the epithelium and an apparent reduction in secretory activity, followed by a progressive increase in luminal volume density and accumulation of secretory products. Immunocytochemistry identified the expression of androgen receptor and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-related antigen in prostatic epithelial cells. A circulating PSA-related antigen was also found, and its concentration showed strong negative correlation with circulating estrogen. Epithelial dysplasia was detected in the prostate of treated females. Analysis of the ovaries showed the occurrence of a polycystic condition and stromal cell hyperplasia. The results indicate that testosterone has a stimulatory effect on the female prostate, inducing epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, secretory activity, and dysplasia. The results also suggest that prostatic growth and activity, polycystic ovaries, and ovarian stromal cell hyperplasia are related to a hyperandrogenic condition in females.

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Urethral glands in the wall of the female urethra of rats, mice and closely related rodents

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Female prostate and urethral glands in the home rat, Rattus norvegicus

Female prostate and urethral glands in the home rat, Rattus norvegicus

Rosamicin in Urethral and Vaginal Secretions and Tissues in Dogs and Rats

Testosterone Stimulates Growth and Secretory Activity of the Female Prostate in the Adult Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)1

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