Urgensi Checks and Balances Ketatanegaraan Indonesia Dan Islam

Abstract

The reform movement opened the door to implementation of the 1945 amendment to the constitution. The urgency of the Indonesian government's control system, which included the legislative, executive and judicial institutions, was quite a concern. This condition is based on the fact that during the Orde Baru the concept of the Trias Politica Montesquieu was castrated by the authorities. Unlike the case of the Islamic constitutional system, the concept of mutual control was much more familiar when Khulafaur Rasyidin Umar bin Khattab called six (six) high-ranking friends to find a replacement. This was later considered the first Syura Institute in Islamic history. The purpose of this paper is to recognize the urgency of checks and balances in the Indonesian government system and in the Islamic state administration. This article uses a library research method with a qualitative descriptive approach, which is then analyzed using the interactive analysis model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The results show that following the amendment of the 1945 Constitution, the legislature, including the DPR and the DPD, has taken control of the executive and the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court as a judicial body can control each other and establish a balance between these institutions. While the Islamic constitutional system in the Fiqh study of Siyasah was already familiar with the separation of powers and the separation of powers in the institutions of Tasyri'iyah, Tanfidziyah and Qada'iyah.

Kritik Atas Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Ibu Kota Nusantara (Ikn) Dalam Mewujudkan Checks and Balances

“…Pemusatan kekuasaan dapat mengarahkan pada kesewenang-wenangan sehingga perlu adanya distribution of power (pembagian kekuasaan) atau separation of power (pemisahan kekuasaan). 32 Pemencaran kekuasaan dalam bentuk pemisahan kekuasaan ataupun pembagian kekuasaan dapat meminimalisir tindakan korup dan sewenang-wenang dari pemerintah.…”

Institutional Importance in the Indonesian Rigidity System

“…15 Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (Komnas HAM) memiliki constitusional importance yang sama dengan kejaksaan dan kepolisian, hal tersebut disebabkan karena disetiap negara konstitusional jaminan hak asasi manusia dalam Undang-Undang Dasar dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang mutlak adanya. Jaminan konstitusional hak asasi manusia adalah ciri pokok negara hukum atau paham negara demokrasi konstitusional, 16 maka dari itu dibentuklah lembaga negara Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (KOMNAS HAM) yang dibentuk berdasarkan undang-undang yang pembentukan untuk memajukan dan melindungi hak asasi manusia dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945.…”

The Role Of The Legislature, In Maintaining The Balance Of Power In The Constitutional Legal System

“…In a system of checks and balances, the President as chief executive has an equal position, but controls each other with the Parliament as the holder of legislative power. In accordance with presidential principles, the President cannot dissolve Parliament, and vice versa Parliament also cannot overthrow the President (Bustamin & Jaya, 2019). Parliament can only demand the dismissal of the President if the President is proven to have violated the law; even then it is usually limited by the constitution only to certain types of criminal acts, whereas in a parliamentary system of government, Parliament can easily drop the cabinet only for political reasons, namely through a mechanism commonly known as a "no-confidence motion" (vote of censure) against cabinet performance and on government policies (beleid).…”