Uric Acid and Vascular Damage in Essential Hypertension: Role of Insulin Resistance

Cassano, Velia; Crescibene, Daniele; Hribal, Marta Letizia; Pelaia, Corrado; Armentaro, Giuseppe; Magurno, Marcello; Toscani, Alfredo Francesco; Miceli, Sofia; Andreozzi, Francesco; Maio, Raffaele; Perticone, Maria; Sesti, Giorgio; Perticone, Francesco; Sciacqua, Angela

doi:10.3390/nu12092509

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…e present study finds that, under a long-term high-pressure environment, ß cells initially mount a compensatory response to ramp up ß cell functional capacity and insulin secretion to meet the elevated pressure demand. Other studies have found that insulin resistance leads to arterial stiffness [13,14,31]. e outcome of the abovementioned mechanisms is increased insulin secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several factors are believed to be responsible for arterial stiffness, including age, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Studies have found that insulin resistance is significantly associated with arterial stiffness [13,14]. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp studies have revealed a relationship between insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in both young, healthy women and diabetic adults [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Insulin Secretion and Arterial Stiffness in Essential Hypertension

Sun

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hypertension

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The study aims to explore the relationship between plasma insulin secretion and arterial stiffness in nondiabetic essential hypertensive patients. A total of 730 nondiabetic essential hypertensive patients registered between January 2016 and October 2020 were enrolled. A two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to detect the levels of C-peptide and blood glucose at 0 hours and 2 hours, as well as the difference between C-peptide (Δ C-peptide) and blood glucose (Δ blood glucose) over the same period. Patients were divided into two groups: the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (n = 322) and the impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) group (n = 408). A multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the other factors. 0 h C-peptide, 2 h C-peptide, and Δ C-peptide were found to be higher in the IGT group. baPWV was positively linear correlated with 2 h C-peptide (r = 0.086, p = 0.020 ) and Δ C-peptide (r = 0.115, p = 0.002 ). baPWV remained independently associated with 0 h C-peptide, 2 h C-peptide, and Δ C-peptide, after adjusting by age, gender, smoking, body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and triglycerides (TG). Our data shows that higher endogenous insulin secretion might play an important role in the progression of arterial stiffness in nondiabetic essential hypertensive patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Insulin Secretion and Arterial Stiffness in Essential Hypertension

Sun

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hypertension

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“…The estimation of sample size requirements was performed with the program Quanto (version 1.2) and based upon previously reported data obtained in populations similar to ours. To compute our model we assumed an average cfPWV between 6.7 and 7.5 m/s, with a standard deviation (SD) ranging between 1.8 and 2.5 m/s (37,38), and a minimum minor allele frequency = 4.5% (31)(32)(33). In order to be able to detect a clinically relevant difference in cfPWV between genotypes according to a dominant model [at least 1 m/s (13, 39)], with two-sided α = 0.05 and β = 0.80, the recommended sample size was equal to 607 subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Functional Polymorphism of DDAH2 rs9267551 Is an Independent Determinant of Arterial Stiffness

Averta

Mancuso

Spiga

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Background: The association of circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels with cardiovascular risk and arterial stiffness has been reportedly demonstrated, although the causal involvement of ADMA in the pathogenesis of these conditions is still debated. Dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) is the enzyme responsible for ADMA hydrolysis in the vasculature, and carriers of the polymorphism rs9267551 C in the 5′-UTR of DDAH2 have been reported to have higher DDAH2 expression and reduced levels of serum ADMA.Approach and Results: We genotyped rs9267551 in 633 adults of European ancestry and measured their carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), the gold-standard method to estimate arterial stiffness. cfPWV resulted significantly lower in rs9267551 C allele carriers (Δ = −1.12 m/s, P < 0.01) after correction for age, sex and BMI, and a univariate regression showed that the presence of rs9267551 C variant was negatively associated with cfPWV (β = −0.110, P < 0.01). In a multivariable regression model, subjects carrying the rs9267551 C allele manifested significantly lower cfPWV than GG carriers (β = −0.098, P = 0.01) independently from several potential confounders. We measured circulating ADMA levels in a subset of 344 subjects. A mediation analysis revealed that the effect of DDAH2 rs9267551 genotype on cfPWV was mediated by the variation in ADMA levels.Conclusions: These evidences hint that the presence of rs9267551 C allele may explain, at least in part, a reduction in vessel rigidity as measured by cfPWV, and support the attribution of a causative role to ADMA in the pathogenesis of arterial stiffness.

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“…However, the potential antihypertensive mechanisms of dietary fiber intake have not been elucidated until now. Insulin resistance has been found to be associated with the development of hypertension, and dietary fiber intake might improve blood pressure by modulating insulin metabolism ( 26 , 27 ). Reduced levels of serum cholesterol are associated with improved endothelial function, which mediates vasodilation and reduces blood pressure ( 28 – 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of Dietary Fiber From Grains and the Risk of Hypertension in Late Midlife Women: Results From the SWAN Study

Luo

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Background: The possible effects of dietary fiber intake on hypertension have not been clarified fully. The association of dietary fiber intake with hypertension risk in midlife women was analyzed in this study.Methods: Baseline data were obtained from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Smooth curve, linear regression, and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations of four indices of daily dietary estimate (DDE) of dietary fiber (dietary fiber intake, dietary fiber intake from beans, dietary fiber intake from vegetables/fruit, and dietary fiber intake from grains) with blood pressure in midlife women. For this research purpose, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg was defined as diastolic hypertension, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg was defined as systolic hypertension.Results: This study included 2,519 participants with an average age of 46. The smooth curve showed approximate negative correlations between three fiber indices (DDE dietary fiber, DDE fiber from vegetables/fruit, and DDE fiber from grains) and blood pressure, including DBP and SBP (all P < 0.005). There were also approximate negative correlations between two fiber indices (DDE dietary fiber and DDE fiber from grains) and the risk of diastolic hypertension and systolic hypertension (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis suggested that DDE dietary fiber (Sβ = −0.057, 95% CI −0.194 – −0.012, P = 0.027), DDE fiber from vegetables/fruit (Sβ = −0.046, 95% CI −0.263 – −0.007, P = 0.039), and DDE fiber from grains (Sβ = −0.073, 95% CI −0.600 – −0.099, P = 0.006, Model 4) were still negatively correlated with DBP after adjusting for confounding factors. Only DDE fiber from grains was independently and negatively associated with SBP (Sβ = −0.060, 95% CI −0.846 – −0.093, P = 0.015) after these same confounding factors were adjusted for. Importantly, multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that only higher DDE fiber from grains was independently associated with a reduced risk of diastolic hypertension (OR = 0.848, 95% CI 0.770–0.934, P = 0.001, Model 4) and systolic hypertension (OR = 0.906, 95% CI 0.826–0.993, P = 0.034, Model 4) after the adjustments were made for confounding factors.Conclusions: We found that dietary fiber intake, especially DDE fiber from grains, contributes to a lower risk of systolic hypertension and diastolic hypertension in midlife women.

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Uric Acid and Vascular Damage in Essential Hypertension: Role of Insulin Resistance

Cited by 42 publications

References 36 publications

Relationship between Insulin Secretion and Arterial Stiffness in Essential Hypertension

Relationship between Insulin Secretion and Arterial Stiffness in Essential Hypertension

The Functional Polymorphism of DDAH2 rs9267551 Is an Independent Determinant of Arterial Stiffness

Intake of Dietary Fiber From Grains and the Risk of Hypertension in Late Midlife Women: Results From the SWAN Study

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