Uric Acid Dye Inclusion Crystals

Sours, Ryan E.; Fink, Dorothy A.; Cox, Kristin A.; Swift, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1080/15421400590958250

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In acidic media (pH 5.6) we observe rectangular rodlike crystals (Figure S12a,b) with large (001) faces bounded by ( 011) and (102) surfaces and, infrequently, (210) facets. 44,45 A small increase in alkalinity (pH 6.1) results in lens-shaped urate microsheets (Figure S12c), which were verified by PXRD (Figure 7a) to be uric acid dihydrate. When samples were extracted after crystallization for 2 h and dried at 65 °C in the oven, anhydrous uric acid was detected due to the dehydration of UAD (Figure 7b).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Crystallization of Hierarchical Ammonium Urate: Insight into the Formation of Cetacean Renal Stones

Geng

Meegan

Smith

et al. 2019

Crystal Growth & Design

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Among a wide variety of pathological crystalline materials in nephrolithiasis, uric acid and its salt form are the most abundant organic constituents. Even though rarely found in humans, ammonium urate (NH4HU) is the most prevalent kidney stone reported in managed bottlenose dolphins. In this study, we investigate the physicochemical properties of NH4HU crystals associated with dolphin kidney stones, which exhibit distinct hierarchical structures. We present a method of crystallizing NH4HU without common impurities, which allowed for the first measurement of NH4HU crystal solubility over a broad range of temperatures. Parametric evaluations of NH4HU crystallization are reported, wherein we assess the effects of supersaturation and solution alkalinity on crystal phase behavior, the kinetics of urate crystallization, and the size and morphology of synthetic NH4HU crystals. In vitro bulk crystallization assays from aqueous growth solutions containing supersaturated ionic species (NH4+ and urate1–) were performed to prepare NH4HU crystals with characteristic spheroidal superstructures. Notably, synthesized samples adopt a morphology consisting of spicule-like NH4HU crystals protruding from the exterior surface of hierarchical structures, analogous to images of actual dolphin kidney stones. Moreover, the characterization of extracted tissues from dolphin kidneys reveals crystallites embedded within the membrane, which suggests the spicule-like morphology incurs an undesirable retention of stones. Collectively, these findings of ammonium urate crystallization may shed additional light onto the factors governing the pathological formation of cetacean renal stones.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Crystallization of Hierarchical Ammonium Urate: Insight into the Formation of Cetacean Renal Stones

Geng

Meegan

Smith

et al. 2019

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…The first studies on uric acid crystallization in the presence of colorants began in the 1930s, when Gaubert examined crystals grown in the presence of various synthetic dyes. Kleeberg added to this body of work with additional dye studies in the 1970s. , More recent work in our lab has shown that low concentrations of a wide variety of neutral and cationic dyes can be included in UA and UAD , often with high specificity. ,− When a cationic dye is included, charge-balance can be achieved by the parallel inclusion of a urate ion. For example, methylene blue (and several other dyes) is selectively included in {001} and {201} growth sectors of UA .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urochrome Pigment in Uric Acid Crystals

et al. 2016

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Renal stones are heterogeneous composites of numerous microscopic crystals (e.g., calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, etc.) and 2–3 wt % amorphous organic “matrix”. Uric acid kidney stones are often red–orange–brown in color, though uric acid crystals are colorless. The stone color originates from a variety of components in the matrix, some of which are a broad range of urinary pigments or urochrome. Herein, we report the first definitive structure of one of these pigments, urorosein, and its ability to form intracrystalline inclusions in single crystals of both anhydrous uric acid and uric acid dihydrate. The preferred orientation of the included urorosein molecules in the uric acid crystals was determined through polarized light microspectroscopy. On the basis of these results, it seems likely that other urochrome pigments can locate in both intercrystalline and intracrystalline spaces in urinary precipitates. This expands the conventional picture of where “matrix” resides in these composite materials.

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“…Laboratory-grown crystals of UA deposit as clear, colorless rectangular plates with large (100) faces bounded by (210), (201), (001), and sometimes (121) faces (Figure 3). 16 Different uric acid crystal morphologies are sometimes observed when grown in the presence of synthetic dye probes 20,21 or in physiologic environments. 22 In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an invaluable technique for studying surfaces with nanoscopic resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Uric Acid Crystal Growth

2005

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Kidney stones are heterogeneous polycrystalline aggregates that can consist of several different building blocks. A significant number of human stones contain uric acid crystals as a crystalline component, though the molecular-level growth of this important biomaterial has not been previously well-characterized. In the present study, in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to investigate the real-time growth on the (100) surface of uric acid (UA) single crystals as a function of fundamental solution parameters. Layer-by-layer growth on UA (100) was found to be initiated at screw dislocation sites and to proceed via highly anisotropic rates which depend on the crystallographic direction. The smallest b-steps exhibited minimum heights corresponding to two molecular layers, while fast-moving c-steps more commonly showed monolayer heights. Growth kinetics measured under a range of flow rates, supersaturation levels, and pH values reveal linear trends in the growth kinetics, with faster growth attained in solutions with higher supersaturation and/or pH. The calculated kinetic parameters for UA growth derived from these experiments are in good agreement with the values reported for other crystal systems.

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Uric Acid Dye Inclusion Crystals

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Crystallization of Hierarchical Ammonium Urate: Insight into the Formation of Cetacean Renal Stones

Crystallization of Hierarchical Ammonium Urate: Insight into the Formation of Cetacean Renal Stones

Urochrome Pigment in Uric Acid Crystals

An in Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Uric Acid Crystal Growth

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