Uric Acid Excretion in the Chick as Related to the Intake of Its Precursors and Nitrogen

Creek, R. D.; Vasaitis, Valeria

doi:10.3382/ps.0400283

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…However, total nitrogen (N) in avian excreta is derived from a combination of uric acid in urine and undigested protein in faeces ( Kroghahl and Dalsgard, 1981 ), which is a complicating factor. Moreover, the percentage of dietary N excreted as uric acid will increase as dietary N concentrations increase as Creek and Vasaitis (1961) reported a 2-fold increase, from 14.3% to 28.0%, in 12-d-old birds when dietary protein levels were increased from 0.50 to 1.25 g/kg of adequacy. Ammonia N (NH 3 –N) is ultimately excreted as uric acid; therefore, any increases in NH 3 will increase uric acid in excreta.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of excreta uric acid concentrations in broilers offered reduced crude protein diets and dietary glycine requirements for uric acid synthesis

et al. 2021

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In a previous experiment, male Ross 308 broiler chickens were offered dietary treatments with 3 levels of crude protein (222, 193, 165 g/kg) and 3 feed grains (ground maize, ground wheat, whole wheat) from 7 to 35 d post–hatch. Maize-based diets supported superior growth performance in comparison to wheat-based diets. Uric acid concentrations in excreta were retrospectively determined and related to total nitrogen (N) excreta concentrations. Uric acid concentrations ranged from 28.5 to 69.4 mg/g and proportions of uric acid-N to total excreta-N ranged from 27.4% to 42.6% in broiler chickens offered the 3 × 3 factorial array of dietary treatments. Proportions of uric acid-N to total N in excreta in birds offered the 165 g/kg CP, maize-based diet were significantly lower by 10.6 percentage units (27.4% versus 38.0%; P = 0.00057) than their wheat-based counterparts. Total excreta analysed had been collected from 35 to 37 d post–hatch when feed intakes and excreta outputs were monitored. There were linear relationships between proportions of uric acid-N to total N in excreta in birds offered the three 165 g/kg CP diets with weight gain ( r = −0.587; P = 0.010), feed intake ( r = −0.526; P = 0.025) and feed conversion ratios ( r = 0.635; P = 0.005). The possibility that increasing uric acid-N proportions in excreta is indicative of excessive ammonia accumulations compromising growth performance is discussed. The mean proportion of dietary glycine involved in uric acid excretion was 49.2% across all dietary treatments but ranged from 25.0% to 80.9%. Thus, the appropriate amount of dietary glycine is variable and largely dependent on the volume of uric acid synthesised and excreted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of excreta uric acid concentrations in broilers offered reduced crude protein diets and dietary glycine requirements for uric acid synthesis

et al. 2021

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Ammonia production in poultry houses can affect health of humans, birds, and the environment—techniques for its reduction during poultry production

Naseem

King

2018

Environ Sci Pollut Res

183

102

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Due to greater consumption of poultry products and an increase in exports, more poultry houses will be needed. Therefore, it is important to investigate ways that poultry facilities can coexist in close proximity to residential areas without odors and environmental challenges. Ammonia (NH) is the greatest concern for environmental pollution from poultry production. When birds consume protein, they produce uric acid, ultimately converted to NH under favorable conditions. Factors that increase production include pH, temperature, moisture content, litter type, bird age, manure age, relative humidity, and ventilation rate (VR). NH concentration and emissions in poultry houses depend on VR; seasons also have effects on NH production. Modern ventilation systems can minimize NH in enclosed production spaces quickly but increase its emissions to the environment. NH adversely affects the ecosystem, environment, and health of birds and people. Less than 10 ppm is the ideal limit for exposure, but up to 25 ppm is also not harmful. NH can be minimized by housing type, aerobic and anaerobic conditions, manure handling practices, litter amendment, and diet manipulation without affecting performance and production. Antibiotics can minimize NH, but consumers have concerns about health effects. Administration of probiotics seems to be a useful replacement for antibiotics. More studies have been conducted on broilers, necessitating the need to evaluate the effect of probiotics on NH production in conjunction with laying hen performance and egg quality. This comprehensive review focuses on research from 1950 to 2018.

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Effect of moderate methionine deficiency on food, protein and energy utilisation in the chick

Solberg

Buttery

Boorman

1971

British Poultry Science

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Uric Acid Excretion in the Chick as Related to the Intake of Its Precursors and Nitrogen

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Implications of excreta uric acid concentrations in broilers offered reduced crude protein diets and dietary glycine requirements for uric acid synthesis

Implications of excreta uric acid concentrations in broilers offered reduced crude protein diets and dietary glycine requirements for uric acid synthesis

Ammonia production in poultry houses can affect health of humans, birds, and the environment—techniques for its reduction during poultry production

Effect of moderate methionine deficiency on food, protein and energy utilisation in the chick

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