Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene: a biomarker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in coal liquefaction workers

Abstract

This study was undertaken to assess the suitability of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr) as a biological marker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in coal liquefaction workers. This is believed to be the first evaluation of the method in coal liquefaction workers. Ten workers were selected from a group of 30 workers considered likely to be at risk of contamination from PAHs by virtue of their jobs. Spot urine samples were collected at the start of a work period and at the end of each work shift, with analysis of 1-OHPyr being undertaken by high-performance liquid chromatography linked to a fluorescence detector. Exposure was assessed by the completion of questionnaires. Excretion of 1-OHPyr increased significantly over the working period, and there was a significant increase in 1-OHPyr where start-shift and end-shift samples were taken over one shift. A significant decrease in 1-OHPyr was found during breaks away from work.

Validity of Biomarkers in Environmental Health Studies: The Case of PAHs and Benzene

“…21 difference can reach a factor of 50, from 0.5 to 25 µmol/mol creatinine. 23 The only results that differ somewhat are those of Heikkilä et al 24 : they observed a substantial increase in the 1-HOP concentration between the monday and tuesday morning samples, but found no further change over the rest of the week, as if the organism had reached its saturation point.…”

“…59 The highest concentrations were observed among coke oven workers and in the coal industry (6 to 38.6 µmol/mol creatinine). 23,40 These data show a clear gradient in the biologic response to increased exposure to atmospheric PAHs.…”

“…17,18 The elimination of 1-HOP from exposure via inhalation seems to follow a two-compartment model: one major with a half-life of approximately 20 h (6 to 35 h) and one minor of approximately 20 days. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Consequently, it reflects the respiratory exposure of, roughly, the previous 2 days. Half-life appears shorter for dietary exposure, with a mean of approximately 4.4 h (3.9 to 6 h).…”

Urinary Excretion Kinetics of 1-Hydroxypyrene in Rats Subchronically Exposed to Pyrene or Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures

“…Consequently, attention has been brought to the toxicokinetics of this metabolite. The time profile of 1-OHP excretion in human urine has been studied in individuals occupationally exposed to PAHs (Jongeneelen et al, 1988;Buchet et al, 1992;Van Rooij et al, 1993a;Elovaara et al, 1995;Quinlan et al, 1995aQuinlan et al, , 1995bVu-Duc & Lafontaine, 1999), as well as in volunteers exposed to pyrene (Buckley & Lioy, 1992; or PAH mixtures (Van Rooij et al, 1993b;Van Schooten et al, 1994;Brzeźnicki et al, 1997). A more detailed analysis of the kinetic behavior of 1-OHP has been conducted through experimental studies in rats acutely exposed to pyrene (Jongeneelen et al, 1985;Bouchard & Viau, 1996, 1998Bouchard et al, 1998a;Viau et al, 1999) or PAH mixtures (Jongeneelen et al, 1986;Bouchard et al, 1998b;Lipniak-Gawlik, 1998).…”

Resonance Light Scattering of 1-Hydroxypyrene-Ethyl Violet-Anionic Surfactant System and Its Analytical Application

“…8,[11][12][13][14] However, the assay is expensive and timeconsuming. 15 Therefore, it is significant to develop a more simple and sensitive method for the determination of 1-OHP.…”