Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels of garbage collectors with low-level exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Hara, Kunio; Hanaoka, Tomoyuki; Yamano, Yuko; Itani, Toru

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(97)05491-0

Cited by 47 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In addition, because of the much smaller cabin volume in a taxi than in a bus, a taxi driver may have higher PAH exposure risk than a bus driver under the same conditions of air pollution 47) . Cigarette smoking has been a significant determinant of urinary 1-OHP concentrations in many previous studies 15,18,37,[48][49][50][51] . This study confirmed that cigarette smoking significantly increased the urinary 1-OHP concentrations of both taxi drivers and office employees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary 1‐Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by Metabolic Enzyme Polymorphisms

Chuang

Chang

2007

Journal of Occupational Health

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Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by MetabolicEnzyme Polymorphisms: Chun-Yu CHUANG, et al. Department of Biomedical Engineering andEnvironmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan-Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are common air pollutants generated from incomplete combustion. The inhalation of exhaust fumes in urban areas has been suggested to be an additional contributing factor. This study investigated the influence of urban traffic exposure, personal lifestyle factors and metabolic enzyme polymorphisms on the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) level, approximating exposure to PAH. With consents, 95 male taxi drivers exposed to vehicle exhaust in traffic and 75 male office employees received health interviews and provided urine samples. The results showed taxi drivers had higher urinary 1-OHP than the office employees (mean ± standard deviation were 0.17 ± 0.10 vs. 0.10 ± 0.07 µmol/mol creatinine, p<0.001). The average urinary 1-OHP level increased from 0.07 µmol/mol creatinine for non-smoking office employees to 0.17 µmol/mol creatinine for those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes daily. The values for taxi drivers with similar smoking statuses were 0.12 and 0.25 µmol/mol creatinine, respectively. Among non-smokers, taxi drivers still had higher 1-OHP level than office employees (0.12 ± 0.05 vs. 0.07 ± 0.03 µmol/mol creatinine). The subjects with the m1/m2 or m2/m2 genotype of CYP1A1 MspI or GSTM1 deficiency had significantly higher urinary 1-OHP levels than those with other CYP1A1 MspI and GSTM1 genotypes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that taxi drivers (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=5.1, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-13.6), smokers (OR=5.5, 95% CI=1.6-18.4) and subjects with the m1/m2 or m2/ m2 genotype of CYP1A1 MspI (OR=9.7, 95% CI=2.7-35.0) had elevated urinary 1-OHP (greater than the overall median value, 0.11 µmol/mol creatinine). The results of this study suggest smoking contributes to the elevated urinary 1-OHP levels in taxi drivers in addition to taxi driving, and the excess level contributed from traffic exhaust and smoke was regulated by the CYP1A1 MspI genotype. Traffic exhaust exposure, smoking and CYP1A1 MspI genotype contributed to the variation in levels of urinary 1-OHP excretion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary 1‐Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by Metabolic Enzyme Polymorphisms

Chuang

Chang

2007

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…The urinary metabolites of non-occupational exposures have been reviewed. Hara and Itani 13) summarized the median 1OHP as ranging between 0.03 and 0.27 µmol/mol Cr (0.06 and 0.53 µg/gCr) for nonsmokers and between 0.07 and 0.76 µmol/mol Cr (0.14 and 1.5 µg/gCr) for smokers. Mean 2NP ranging between 1.1 and 2.2 µg/l for non-smokers and between 5.1 and 17.2 µg/l for smokers has been reported 10) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Urinary Metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Incineration Workers

Ichiba

Ogawa

Mohri

et al. 2007

Journal of Occupational Health

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Analysis of Urinary Metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in IncinerationWorkers: Masayoshi ICHIBA, et al. Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Saga Medical School-Incineration workers are exposed to various pyrolysis products of organic materials, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, the exposure of incineration workers to PAHs was evaluated by measuring urinary metabolites of pyrene and naphthalene. The concentrations of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1OHP), a metabolite of pyrene, and 2-naphthol (2NP), a metabolite of naphthalene, were measured among 100 workers in 4 different types of incinerators, both before and after their work shifts. These incinerators were two old types, one modern type and one outdoors. The medians of urinary 1OHP of before and after the work shifts obtained from all workers were 0.067 and 0.044 µg/gCr, respectively; and the medians of urinary 2NP were 7.5 and 10.0 µg/ gCr, respectively. A significant increase of 2NP after the work shift was found at one old incinerator. A significant decrease of metabolites was found at the other old incinerator. Significant correlations were found between urinary metabolites and cigarettes smoked per day. The effect of smoking on urinary metabolite levels was also important. Significant correlations were found between urinary 1OHP and 2NP levels in all workers. In multiple regression analysis smoking habit and incinerator type were found as significant factors. The improvement of the work environment, through decreasing exposure to both tobacco smoke and hazardous work shift-related substances, should be an occupational health aim. Field StudyKey words: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Incineration workers, 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol Incineration workers are exposed to various pyrolysis products of organic materials, including dioxin, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). There have been some studies on biomonitoring of pyrolysis products, heavy metals and PAHs in incineration workers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . In these studies, urinary metabolites of PAHs were measured as the occupational exposure markers. The most common metabolites of PAHs are urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1OHP), a metabolite of pyrene, or 2-naphthol (2NP), a metabolite of naphthalene 8,9) . Pyrene and naphthalene were not thought of as carcinogens. The reasons for measuring them are that their urinary concentrations are relatively high and their measurements are easier compared to those of carcinogenic PAHs, such as benzo[a]pyrene. Recently naphthalene was reclassified as being possibly carcinogenic to humans by IARC in 2002 10) . Consequently, the importance of measuring naphthalene metabolite levels has increased. There have been few reports concerning the measurement of both urinary 1OHP and 2NP at the same time in incineration workers, and the data in previous studies has usually been taken at a single incinerator site. Few studies have compared metabolite measurements at different incinerator site.I...

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“…Urinary 1-OHP and creatinine and the modification index of urinary 1-OHP were determined using the methods of Hara et al [1997] and Ogata and Taguchi [1987], with minor modification. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system used to quantify 1-OHP included 515 HPLC pumps, an automated gradient controller, a 717-plus Autosampler, and a 474 Scanning Fluorescence Detector (excitation, 242 nm; emission, 388 nm)(all from Waters, Milford, MA).…”

Section: Analyses Of Urinary 1-ohp Creatinine and Cotininementioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in non‐occupationally exposed Koreans

Yang

Kim

Lee

et al. 2003

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), an exposure biomarker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was used to identify potential sources of PAH exposure for 660 Koreans who were not occupationally exposed to PAHs (65% male; 35% female; mean age, 36.5 Ϯ 11.1 years). In this study, 74% of subjects had detectable levels of urinary 1-OHP, with a concentration range of 0.001-3.796 g/L (median, 0.079 g/L). A backward elimination was conducted: five variables were selected with a significance level for removal of P Յ 0.1. The results of this study showed that residence in areas with relatively poor environmental conditions (Seoul and Suwon) was strongly associated with high concentrations of urinary 1-OHP (P ϭ 0.007), while consumption of fried chicken and length of time spent outdoors had marginal positive associations with urinary 1-OHP levels (P ϭ 0.06 and P ϭ 0.09, respectively). Compared with the above three factors, tobacco smoking and urinary cotinine levels were poorly associated with urinary 1-OHP (P ϭ 0.16 and 0.23, respectively). Pear consumption had an inverse association with urinary 1-OHP levels (P Ͻ 0.01). Individual variations in urinary 1-OHP concentrations were evaluated by considering the subjects' age, sex, and genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in the metabolism of PAHs. Among the individual variations, GSTT1-present subjects showed higher 1-OHP levels than GSTT1-absent subjects in cities having 10-m particulate matter (PM 10 ) levels and population density lower than those of Seoul and Suwon (P Ͻ 0.05). These epidemiological results suggest that the above factors that should be considered in preventing PAH exposure. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 42:250-257, 2003.

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Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels of garbage collectors with low-level exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

Urinary 1‐Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by Metabolic Enzyme Polymorphisms

Urinary 1‐Hydroxypyrene Level Relative to Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Mediated by Metabolic Enzyme Polymorphisms

Analysis of Urinary Metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Incineration Workers

Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in non‐occupationally exposed Koreans

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