Urinary and biliary metabolites of pyrene in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)

Law, F. C. P.; Meng, Jianxin; He, Yurong; Chui, Y. C.

doi:10.3109/00498259409043234

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similarly, Law et al (1994) reported that l-hydroxypyrene was primarily conjugated with glucuronic acid or sulphate in the bile of rainbow trout (free 1-hydroxypyrene: 4.05k1.47 pglml; p-glucuronide: 779k270 ~g l m l ; sulphate: 270k49.4 pglml). In Varanasi et al (1 98l), metabolites in bile from two groups of starry flounder (4 and 12OC) at 24 and 168 hr after feeding were characterized by high percentages (>85%) of the conjugates, of which glucuronides were the major components.…”

Section: Pyrene Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Previous mammalian and microbial biotransformation studies have shown that the major oxidation metabolite of pyrene is I-hydroxypyrene, which may be metabolized further by conjugation reactions to form highly water-soluble metabolites (Law et al 1994;Pelletier et al 1997). Besides I-hydroxypyrene, small amounts of 1,6-dihydroxypyrene and 1,8-dihydroxypyrene were discovered as metabolites in the study conducted by Law et al (1994).…”

Section: Pyrene Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Besides I-hydroxypyrene, small amounts of 1,6-dihydroxypyrene and 1,8-dihydroxypyrene were discovered as metabolites in the study conducted by Law et al (1994). After analyzing the amount of metabolites formed, no Phase I I-hydroxypyrene was detected, but rather the predominant existence of the conjugated form (Phase 11) with glucuronic acid.…”

Section: Pyrene Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In relation to the aquatic environment, PAHs are normally released via sewage effluents, surface runoff and accidental releases of petroleum and its products (Law et al 1994). Usually, medium and high molecular weight PAHs such as pyrene are highly hydrophobic, which allows these compounds to adsorb to suspended inorganic and organic particulates (Hinkle-Comm et al 1998).…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Pyrenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Energetic costs of pyrene metabolism in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Bains

Kennedy

2004

Aquatic Toxicology

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The biotransformation of xenobiotics by fish can be important to their survival while living in contaminated environments. However, the energetic costs of such detoxification are unknown. This study examined the respiratory costs of pyrene biotransformation and excretion in isolated hepatocytes of adult rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Baseline oxygen consumption rates measured at an acclimation temperature of 7.5"C and during an acute temperature increase to 15•‹C were 10.1 kO.l and 22.6k0.4 ng O2 min-I mg cells-', respectively. Hepatoctyes exposed to 1, 5 and 10 vglml pyrene at 7.5"C exhibited concentration-dependent increases in oxygen consumption (ng O2 min-I mg cells-'): 18.8+0.7% (increase compared to acclimated baseline), 31 . I kO.8% and 40.6+0.7%, respectively. Exposure of cells to pyrene at 1 5OC also elevated oxygen consumption, however, the relationship with pyrene concentration was biphasic. Oxygen consumption rates of hepatocytes exposed to 1, 5 and 10 ~g l m l pyrene at 15OC increased l3.2+l.6%, 34.1 +I .7%, and 21.7+0.8%, respectively. The major metabolite identified was conjugated I-hydroxypyrene. At 7.50C1 increased pyrene metabolism correlated with increased hepatocyte respiration rates. At 15OC, however, pyrene metabolism reached a maximum at 5 pglml, suggesting saturation of detoxification enzymes, which correlated with maximum respiration rates at this concentration. Measures of respiration by isolated mitochondria indicated that changes in hepatocyte oxygen consumption were not through direct effects of pyrene or 1-OH pyrene on mitochondria. Furthermore, cytotoxicity tests via cell viability and LDH assays showed that the pyrene concentrations selected in this experiment did not significantly affect the integrity of the cells. Overall, this study indicates that significant respiratory iii costs may be accrued by teleost hepatocytes actively metabolizing and secreting xenobiotic compounds. DEDICATIONThis thesis is dedicated to the members of my family: my father (Gian), my mother (Joginder) and my brothers (Sukhjit and Sunny). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Section: Pyrene Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Pyrene Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Pyrene Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Pyrenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Energetic costs of pyrene metabolism in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Bains

Kennedy

2004

Aquatic Toxicology

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“…However, in rainbow trout, these metabolites accounted for only a trace amount of the total IBF ($1%), glucuronic conjugates being dominant (95-99%). Also, similar types of metabolites (hydroxides as well as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates) have been identified from the bile of rainbow trout exposed to, e.g., PAHs and resin acids [41,42].…”

Section: Concentrations Of Bile Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Uptake from water, biotransformation, and biliary excretion of pharmaceuticals by rainbow trout

Lahti

Brozinski

Jylhä

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

118

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An urgent need exists to assess the exposure of fish to pharmaceuticals. The aim of the present study was to assess the uptake and metabolism of waterborne pharmaceuticals in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A further objective was to determine the possibility of monitoring exposure to low levels of pharmaceuticals by bile assays. Rainbow trout were exposed for 10 d under flow-through conditions to mixtures of five pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, bisoprolol, and carbamazepine) at high and low concentrations. The low concentration was used to mimic the conditions prevailing in the vicinity of the discharge points of wastewater treatment plants. The uptake and the bioconcentration were determined by blood plasma and bile analyses. The average bioconcentration factor in plasma ranged from below 0.1 for bisoprolol to 4.9 for diclofenac, the values being approximately similar at low and high ambient concentrations. The biotransformation of diclofenac, naproxen, and ibuprofen was considered efficient, because several metabolites could be detected in concentrations clearly exceeding those of the unmetabolized compounds. The glucuronides were the dominant metabolites for all three pharmaceuticals. The total bioconcentration in the bile was two to four orders of magnitude higher than in the plasma. The results of this work show that the exposure of fish to pharmaceuticals in environmentally relevant concentrations may be monitored by blood plasma and bile analyses, the latter allowing detection at markedly lower ambient concentration.

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Identification of interspecific differences in phase II reactions: Determination of metabolites in the urine of 16 mammalian species exposed to environmental pyrene

Saengtienchai

Ikenaka

Nakayama

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Interspecific differences in xenobiotic metabolism are a key to determining relative sensitivities of animals to xenobiotics. However, information on domesticated livestock, companion animals, and captive and free-ranging wildlife is incomplete. The present study evaluated interspecific differences in phase II conjugation using pyrene as a nondestructive biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites have carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting effects in humans and wildlife and can have serious consequences. The authors collected urine from 16 mammalian species and analyzed pyrene metabolites. Interspecific differences in urinary pyrene metabolites, especially in the concentration and composition of phase II conjugated metabolites, were apparent. Glucuronide conjugates are dominant metabolites in the urine of many species, including deer, cattle, pigs, horses, and humans. However, they could not be detected in ferret urine even though the gene for ferret Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT) 1A6 is not a pseudogene. Sulfate conjugates were detected mainly in the urine of cats, ferrets, and rabbits. Interestingly, sulfate conjugates were detected in pig urine. Although pigs are known to have limited aryl sulfotransferase activity, the present study demonstrated that pig liver was active in 1-hydroxypyrene sulfation. The findings have some application for biomonitoring environmental pollution.

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Urinary and biliary metabolites of pyrene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Energetic costs of pyrene metabolism in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Energetic costs of pyrene metabolism in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Uptake from water, biotransformation, and biliary excretion of pharmaceuticals by rainbow trout

Identification of interspecific differences in phase II reactions: Determination of metabolites in the urine of 16 mammalian species exposed to environmental pyrene

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