Urinary arsenic speciation and the assessment of UK dietary, environmental and occupational exposures to arsenic

Farmer, John G.; Johnson, Lorraine; Lovell, M. A.

doi:10.1007/bf01758657

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Whether or not these substances constitute a hazard to environmental or human health depends on a variety of factors. These include: their degree of sorption by clays, colloids or organic matter; chemical form; concentration; mobility and behaviour in the environment; the extent to which they are taken up by living organisms (bioavailability); the properties of the substrate in which they occur, such as the acidity of waters or soils; the soil texture and mineral composition; the level of exposure and the dose received (Farmer et al, 1989;Thornton et al, 1994;Mielke et al, 1997;Rieuwerts et al, 1998;Hough et al, 2004). For harm to occur, there also needs to be a clear source-to-receptor pathway for the contaminant.…”

Section: Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Anthropogenic Contaminants in the Urban Environment

Albanese

Breward

2011

Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Anthropogenic Contaminants in the Urban Environment

Albanese

Breward

2011

Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Arsenobetaine and other organoarsenic compounds found in seafoods are not toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic when ingested in food by mammals [126,127]. The relative toxicity of arsenic in mammals is As (III) > As (V) ≫ MMA, DMA [8].…”

Section: Arsenic Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most laboratory studies have failed to demonstrated the carcinogenicity of arsenic in laboratory mammals, even by prolonged exposures via several routes to high concentrations of arsenites, arsenates, and organoarsenicals [2,6,7]. Arsenite also has been reported to be as much as 60 times more toxic than arsenate and several hundred times more toxic than methylated arsenicals to mammals [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicology of arsenic in the marine environment

Neff

1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

213

241

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Arsenic has a complex marine biogeochemistry that has important implications for its toxicity to marine organisms and their consumers, including humans. The average concentration of total arsenic in the ocean is about 1.7 μg/L, about two orders of magnitude higher than the U.S Environmental Protection Agency's human health criterion (fish consumption) value of 0.0175 μg/L. The dominant form of arsenic in oxygenated marine and brackish waters is arsenate (As V). The more toxic and potentially carcinogenic arsenite (As III) rarely accounts for more than 20% of total arsenic in seawater. Uncontaminated marine sediments contain from 5 to about 40 μg/g dry weight total arsenic. Arsenate dominates in oxidized sediments and is associated primarily with iron oxyhydroxides. In reducing marine sediments, arsenate is reduced to arsenite and is associated primarily with sulfide minerals. Marine algae accumulate arsenate from seawater, reduce it to arsenite, and then oxidize the arsenite to a large number of organoarsenic compounds. The algae release arsenite, methylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid to seawater. Dissolved arsenite and arsenate are more toxic to marine phytoplankton than to marine invertebrates and fish. This may be due to the fact that marine animals have a limited ability to bioconcentrate inorganic arsenic from seawater but can bioaccumulate organoarsenic compounds from their food. Tissues of marine invertebrates and fish contain high concentrations of arsenic, usually in the range of about 1 to 100 μg/g dry weight, most of it in the form of organoarsenic compounds, particularly arsenobetaine. Organoarsenic compounds are bioaccumulated by human consumers of seafood products, but the arsenic is excreted rapidly, mostly as organoarsenic compounds. Arsenobetaine, the most abundant organoarsenic compound in seafoods, is not toxic or carcinogenic to mammals. Little of the organoarsenic accumulated by humans from seafood is converted to toxic inorganic arsenite. Therefore, marine arsenic represents a low risk to human consumers of fishery products.

show abstract

Section: Arsenic In the Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ECOTOXICOLOGY OF ARSENIC IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT—Review

Neff¹

1997

Environ Toxicol Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Arsenic has a complex marine biogeochemistry that has important implications for its toxicity to marine organisms and their consumers, including humans. The average concentration of total arsenic in the ocean is about 1.7 g/L, about two orders of magnitude higher than the U.S Environmental Protection Agency's human health criterion (fish consumption) value of 0.0175 g/L.The dominant form of arsenic in oxygenated marine and brackish waters is arsenate (As V). The more toxic and potentially carcinogenic arsenite (As III) rarely accounts for more than 20% of total arsenic in seawater. Uncontaminated marine sediments contain from 5 to about 40 g/g dry weight total arsenic. Arsenate dominates in oxidized sediments and is associated primarily with iron oxyhydroxides. In reducing marine sediments, arsenate is reduced to arsenite and is associated primarily with sulfide minerals. Marine algae accumulate arsenate from seawater, reduce it to arsenite, and then oxidize the arsenite to a large number of organoarsenic compounds. The algae release arsenite, methylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid to seawater. Dissolved arsenite and arsenate are more toxic to marine phytoplankton than to marine invertebrates and fish. This may be due to the fact that marine animals have a limited ability to bioconcentrate inorganic arsenic from seawater but can bioaccumulate organoarsenic compounds from their food. Tissues of marine invertebrates and fish contain high concentrations of arsenic, usually in the range of about 1 to 100 g/g dry weight, most of it in the form of organoarsenic compounds, particularly arsenobetaine. Organoarsenic compounds are bioaccumulated by human consumers of seafood products, but the arsenic is excreted rapidly, mostly as organoarsenic compounds. Arsenobetaine, the most abundant organoarsenic compound in seafoods, is not toxic or carcinogenic to mammals. Little of the organoarsenic accumulated by humans from seafood is converted to toxic inorganic arsenite. Therefore, marine arsenic represents a low risk to human consumers of fishery products.

show abstract

Urinary arsenic speciation and the assessment of UK dietary, environmental and occupational exposures to arsenic

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Sources of Anthropogenic Contaminants in the Urban Environment

Sources of Anthropogenic Contaminants in the Urban Environment

Ecotoxicology of arsenic in the marine environment

ECOTOXICOLOGY OF ARSENIC IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT—Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About