Urinary Concentrations of the Antibacterial Agent Triclocarban in United States Residents: 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Ye, Xiaoyun; Wong, Lee-Yang; Dwivedi, Prabha; Zhou, Xiaoliu; Jia, Tao; Calafat, Antònia M.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b04668

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…10 The 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showed that 36.9% of the urine samples in the U.S. contained TCC. 11 The majority of used TCC is ultimately released into the environment leading to widespread pollution. As a result, TCC was listed as a top-10 contaminant in U.S. rivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triclocarban exposure exaggerates colitis and colon tumorigenesis: roles of gut microbiota involved

et al. 2019

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Triclocarban (TCC) is a widely used antimicrobial ingredient in consumer products and is a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment. In 2016, the FDA removed TCC from over-thecounter handwashing products, but this compound is still approved for use in many other personal care products. A better understanding of its impact on human health could lead to significant impact for public health and regulatory policies. Here we show that exposure to lowdose TCC exaggerated the severity of colitis and exacerbated the development of colitisassociated colon tumorigenesis, via gut microbiota-dependent mechanisms. Exposure to TCC increased dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-and interleukin 10 (IL-10) knockout-induced colitis, and exaggerated azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis in mice. Regarding the mechanisms, TCC exposure reduced the diversity and altered the composition of gut microbiota and failed to promote DSS-induced colitis in mice lacking the microbiota, supporting that the presence of the microbiota is critical for the pro-colitis effects of TCC. Together, these results support TCC could be a novel risk factor for colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer, and further regulatory policies on this compound could be needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triclocarban exposure exaggerates colitis and colon tumorigenesis: roles of gut microbiota involved

et al. 2019

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“…In the large-scale US biomonitoring study NHANES (2013-2014), TCC was detected in human urine in ~36% of individuals with concentrations up to 68 μ g/L. Sex (male), age (20+ years), race (non-Hispanic black), and increased body surface area were significantly associated with higher concentrations of TCC [ 5 ]. In another US study of pregnant women in Brooklyn, TCC had a detection frequency of 86.7% and its metabolites 2′-OH-TCC, 3′-OH-TCC, and 3′-Cl-TCC were found in 27.1%, 16.6%, and 12.7%, respectively [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Developmental and Reproductive Impacts of Triclocarban: A Scoping Review

Rochester

Bolden

Pelch

et al. 2017

Journal of Toxicology

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Triclocarban (TCC) is an antimicrobial agent used in personal care products. Although frequently studied with another antimicrobial, triclosan, it is not as well researched, and there are very few reviews of the biological activity of TCC. TCC has been shown to be a possible endocrine disruptor, acting by enhancing the activity of endogenous hormones. TCC has been banned in the US for certain applications; however, many human populations, in and outside the US, exhibit exposure to TCC. Because of the concern of the health effects of TCC, we conducted a scoping review in order to map the current body of literature on the endocrine, reproductive, and developmental effects of TCC. The aim of this scoping review was to identify possible endpoints for future systematic review and to make recommendations for future research. A search of the literature until August 2017 yielded 32 relevant studies in humans, rodents, fish, invertebrates, and in vitro. Based on the robustness of the literature in all three evidence streams (human, animal, and in vitro), we identified three endpoints for possible systematic review: estrogenic activity, androgenic activity, and offspring growth. In this review, we describe the body of evidence and make recommendations for future research.

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“…Until recently, TCs were found in an ever-changing range of consumer products, including most notably bar soaps (triclocarban) and liquid soaps and toothpaste (triclosan). Introduced in the late 1950s, TCs rapidly became a near-ubiquitous human exposure: in 2011-2013, almost 37% and 72% of US human urine samples contained triclocarban and triclosan, respectively [5,6]. Although presumably incorporated in wash products to prevent infection, there is no scientific evidence of TC efficacy in community settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triclosan and triclocarban exposure, infectious disease symptoms and antibiotic prescription in infants—A community-based randomized intervention

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTriclosan and triclocarban (TCs) are broad-spectrum antimicrobials that, until recently, were found in a wide variety of household and personal wash products. Popular with consumers, TCs have not been shown to protect against infectious diseases.ObjectivesTo determine whether use of TC-containing wash products reduces incidence of infection in children less than one year of age.MethodsStarting in 2011, we nested a randomized intervention of wash products with and without TCs within a multiethnic birth cohort. Maternal reports of infectious disease symptoms and antibiotic use were collected weekly by automated survey; household visits occurred every four months. Antibiotic prescriptions were identified by medical chart review. Urinary triclosan levels were measured in a participant subset. Differences by intervention group in reported infectious disease (primary outcome) and antibiotic use (secondary outcome) were assessed using mixed effects logistic regression and Fisher’s Exact tests, respectively.ResultsInfectious illness occurred in 6% of weeks, with upper respiratory illness the predominant syndrome. Among 60 (45%) TC-exposed and 73 (55%) non-TC-exposed babies, infectious disease reports did not differ in frequency between groups (likelihood ratio test: p = 0.88). Medical visits with antibiotic prescriptions were less common in the TC group than in the non-TC group (7.8% vs. 16.6%, respectively; p = 0.02).ConclusionsAlthough randomization to TC-containing wash products was not associated with decreased infectious disease reports by mothers, TCs were associated with decreased antibiotic prescriptions, suggesting a benefit against bacterial infection. The recent removal of TCs from consumer wash products makes further elucidation of benefits and risks impracticable.

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Urinary Concentrations of the Antibacterial Agent Triclocarban in United States Residents: 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Cited by 46 publications

References 36 publications

Triclocarban exposure exaggerates colitis and colon tumorigenesis: roles of gut microbiota involved

Triclocarban exposure exaggerates colitis and colon tumorigenesis: roles of gut microbiota involved

Potential Developmental and Reproductive Impacts of Triclocarban: A Scoping Review

Triclosan and triclocarban exposure, infectious disease symptoms and antibiotic prescription in infants—A community-based randomized intervention

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