Urinary disorders and bladder-bowel dysfunction in children: approaches to diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Abstract

Pediatric urinary disorders manifested as urinary incontinence, compelling urges to urinate, etc. remain an important problem of contemporary healthcare. In spite of being extensively covered in the literature, urinary disorders, including enuresis, still present a diagnostic challenge to the physicians of primary healthcare facilities. Based on the findings of our retrospective study that revealed discrepancies between referral and final diagnoses of pediatric urinary disorders, we give recommendations to both physicians of primary healthcare facilities and their inpatient care colleagues that will help them to arrive at the correct diagnosis of a urinary disorder or concomitant bladder-bowel dysfunction using the proposed diagnostic algorithm.