Urinary excretion of carnitine in progressive muscular dystrophy

Impact on carnitine homeostasis of short-term treatment with the pivalate prodrug cefditoren pivoxil

“…Thus the baseline urinary total carnitine excretion reflects the sum of bioavailable dietary intake and biosynthesis, assuming both processes are at steady state. The baseline urinary loses of 0.3 to 0.4 mmol/d are similar to values obtained in other healthy populations 20 , 21 . Cefditoren pivoxil administrationwas associated with a dose‐dependent increase in total carnitine excretion, which rapidly plateaued after the initiation of treatment (Fig 3).…”

Carnitine Abnormalities in Patients with Renal Insufficiency

“…The renal clearance of this carnitine precursor is similar to that of creatinine [16]. The total urinary carni tine excretion depends mainly on the dietary intake and ranges between 100 and 400 umol/day [17]. L-carnitine formed intracellularly in the kidney may be partially secreted into the tubular lumen either in free form or as short-chain acylcarnitine (SCC) esters [18].…”

Carnitine depletion as a probable cause of hyperlipidemia in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

“…Carnitine contents in serum and dialysate fluid were determined by our methods (Maebashi et al 1975(Maebashi et al , 1976. Serum levels of TG, total cholesterol (TC) and blood glucose were measured by the enzymatic methods using commercial kits (Eiken Chemicals, Tokyo and Ono Pharmaceuticals, Osaka), respectively.…”

“…Hemodialysis treatment causes the loss of large amounts of carnitine from blood and tissues into the dialysate fluid. Carnitine deficiency induces triglyceride (TG) accumulation in blood and tissues (Maebashi et al 1976(Maebashi et al , 1977a(Maebashi et al , b, 1978Tanphaichitr et al 1976;Kahn and Bamji 1979), since carnitine deficiency has been characterized by the inability to oxidize free fatty acids (FFA) and by the increased synthesis of TG. Carnitine deficiency has been also observed in man and rat in undernutritional states (Tanphaichitr et al 1976(Tanphaichitr et al , 1980Mikhail and Mansour 1976;Borum and Broquist 1977;Bamji 1977, 1979;KahnSiddigui and Bamji 1980).…”