Urinary excretion of modified nucleosides as biological marker of RNA turnover in patients with cancer and AIDS

Nakano, Katsuyuki; Nakao, Terutoshi; Schram, Karl H.; Hammargren, William M.; McClure, Thomas D.; Katz, Michael; Petersen, Eugene E.

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(93)90181-3

Cited by 73 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…The following seven were the most significant ones: cytidine, N2,N2-dimethylguanine, PCNR, 2-methylguanosine, 1-methylguanosine, pseudouridine and 1-methyladenosine. These nucleosides have already been reported as useful biochemical 'indicators' in malignant diseases (Lakings et al, 1977;Koshida et al, 1985;Holstege et al, 1986;Oerlemans and Lange, 1986;Sander et al, 1986;Rasmuson et al, 1987;Boos et al, 1988;McEntire et al, 1989;Gehrke and Kuo, 1990;Schöch et al, 1990a, b;Kvist et al, 1993;Nakano et al, 1993;Topp et al, 1993;Rasmuson and Björk, 1995;Martinow et al, 1998;Xu et al, 2000;Dudley et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2004;Zheng et al, 2005). Cytidine and uridine were found to be much more increased than reported in other publications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before the samples could be analysed by HPLC, a treatment is necessary to remove the proteins. Other authors reported on using phenyl boronate affinity column for nucleoside isolations (Koshida et al, 1985;Holstege et al, 1986;Oerlemans and Lange, 1986;Sander et al, 1986;Rasmuson et al, 1987;McEntire et al, 1989;Gehrke and Kuo, 1990;Schöch et al, 1990a;Kvist et al, 1993;Nakano et al, 1993;Topp et al, 1993;Rasmuson and Björk, 1995;Martinow et al, 1998;Xu et al, 2000;Yang et al, 2004) or using the Baker SPE system with aromatic sulphonic acid (Schöch et al, 1990b). These fractionation methods of nucleosides from urine were found to be too complex and time consuming to allow the analyses of large numbers of urine samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinary excretion of methylated nucleosides, which results from increased turnover and degradation of RNA, especially from transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), has been shown to be excreted in increased amounts in the urine of patients with different types of tumours and AIDS (Nakano et al, 1993;Xu et al, 2000;Yang et al, 2004;Zheng et al, 2005). Elevated levels of modified nucleosides have been found in urine from patients with leukaemia and lymphoma (Rasmuson and Björk, 1995), cancer of the lung (McEntire et al, 1989), oesophagus (Masuda et al, 1993), breast (Rasmuson et al, 1987;Nakano et al, 1993;Sasco et al, 1996;Zheng et al, 2005), renal cell carcinoma (Koshida et al, 1985), ovarian cancer (Oerlemans and Lange, 1986), liver cancer (Yang et al, 2004), tumours of the bladder (Kvist et al, 1993), colon cancer (Holstege et al, 1986) and Hodgkin's disease (Martinow et al, 1998). One possible cause is the higher turnover rate of tRNA in tumour tissues than that in normal counterparts as demonstrated by Borek et al (1977).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, when a broad spectrum of modified nucleosides has to be determined, the preferred method is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Lakings et al, 1977;Koshida et al, 1985;Oerlemans and Lange, 1986;Sander et al, 1986;Rasmuson et al, 1987;McEntire et al, 1989;Gehrke and Kuo, 1990;Schöch et al, 1990a, b;Kvist et al, 1993;Nakano et al, 1993;Topp et al, 1993;Rasmuson and Björk, 1995;Martinow et al, 1998;Xu et al, 2000;Yang et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There is strong evidence for the participation of other body cells in the release of modified nucleosides possibly due to tumour -host metabolic interactions . The concentrations of modified nucleosides in urine, primarily degradation products of tRNA, have been regarded as potential indicators for the wholebody turnover of RNAs, suggesting them as possible markers for malignant diseases (Sander et al, 1986;Schöch et al, 1990a, b;Nakano et al, 1993;Topp et al, 1993). Sasco et al (1996) evaluated the prognostic significance of six urinary modified nucleosides in 68 breast cancer patients and found that excretion of 1-methylinosine and 1-methyladenosine was even further increased in patients with more advanced disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Modified nucleosides: an accurate tumour marker for clinical diagnosis of cancer, early detection and therapy control

et al. 2006

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Modified nucleosides, regarded as indicators for the whole-body turnover of RNAs, are excreted in abnormal amounts in the urine of patients with malignancies. To test their usefulness as tumour markers and to compare them with the conventional tumour markers, fractionated urine samples were analysed using chromatography. The excretion patterns of nucleosides of 68 cancer patients with malignant and benign tumours and 41 healthy controls have been studied. Significant elevations in the total sum and the concentrations of at least three (or four) of indicator nucleosides cytidine, pseudouridine, 2-pyridone-5-carboxamide-N1-ribofuranoside, N2,N2-dimethylguanine, 1-methylguanosine, 2-methylguanosine and 1-methyladenosine indicate a tumour with a sensitivity of 54% (77%) and a specificity of 86% (98%). Using an artificial neural network analysis, a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 85% were achieved in differentiating between tumour and control volunteers. The comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 15-3 und tissue polypeptide antigen indicates that urinary nucleosides may be useful tumour markers. This study suggests that the simultaneous determination of modified nucleosides and creatinine in urine samples of patients with cancer leads to an advantage to current methods and is a useful method to detect cancer early and to control the success of therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified nucleosides: an accurate tumour marker for clinical diagnosis of cancer, early detection and therapy control

et al. 2006

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Urinary nucleosides

Schram

1998

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

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101

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Gas and Liquid Chromatography, Column Selection for, in Drug Analysis

Duff

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Within the realm of pharmaceutical drug analyses, two techniques currently dominate the field. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is at the forefront, followed somewhat distantly by gas chromatography (GC). HPLC is more prevalent than GC owing mainly to the heat‐labile nature of the majority of drug substances. Still GC continues to play a very active role. In comparison to HPLC and GC, combined, the frequency of use of other techniques is quite small. Perhaps the major reason for this is that chromatography not only involves qualitative and quantitative detection of targeted species, but also provides a medium for isolating these analytes from potential interfering impurities prior to measurement. The proficiency of this combination is unparalleled by any other blending of means to clean up a sample and detect the target compound. These more prominent techniques are often complementary, although each has its own strengths and limitations. General guidelines are given to assist the chromatographer to elect HPLC and/or GC for a particular separation. Considerations for choosing hardware type and sizes, solid support and bonded phase are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the latest, which is of primary importance for obtaining rugged methods. The reader is directed towards optimum phase selection based on the compound of interest's functional group type, or by its drug activity classification (e.g. barbiturate, cardiovascular, etc.). Assistance in developing new methods frequently arises when starting with an existing published method for a compound with similar structure. This article provides 514 references for more in‐depth separation information. In addition, background knowledge on bonded‐phase chemistry, chromatographic modes of separation, approaches to chromatographic chiral drug discrimination and processes for developing rugged methods is contributed.

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Urinary excretion of modified nucleosides as biological marker of RNA turnover in patients with cancer and AIDS

Cited by 73 publications

References 10 publications

Modified nucleosides: an accurate tumour marker for clinical diagnosis of cancer, early detection and therapy control

Modified nucleosides: an accurate tumour marker for clinical diagnosis of cancer, early detection and therapy control

Urinary nucleosides

Gas and Liquid Chromatography, Column Selection for, in Drug Analysis

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