Urinary Excretion of N,N-Dimethylated Tryptamines in Chronic Schizophrenia: A Review of the Present Status of the Hypothesis

L, Huszka; Dh, Zabek; Jw, Doust

doi:10.1177/070674377602100808

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…(5-OH-DMT) and its structural analog N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) have been detected in urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (Christian et al, 1975;Corbett et al, 1978;Narasimhachari & Himwich, 1973;Sitaram et al, 1987;Smythies et al, 1979). Other studies have contradicted these findings however (Forsstrom et al, 2001;Huszka et al, 1976;Narasimhachari et al, 1974;Narasimhachari & Himwich, 1972) while a pooled analysis indicated that such markers were only present in limited fractions of study participants (Ermakova et al, 2021). One study also showed the presence of indoleamine precursors of 5-MeO-DMT in the pineal gland in rats (Miller & Maickel, 1970), while in vitro work on human pineal extract suggested that 5-MeO-DMT can be synthesized through further methylation of the precursor 5-methoxytryptamine…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT)

Reckweg

Uthaug

Szabó

et al. 2022

Journal of Neurochemistry

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5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT) is a naturally occurring tryptamine that primarily acts as an agonist at the 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT2A receptors, whereby affinity for the 5‐HT1A subtype is highest. Subjective effects following 5‐MeO‐DMT administration include distortions in auditory and time perception, amplification of emotional states, and feelings of ego dissolution that usually are short‐lasting, depending on the route of administration. Individual dose escalation of 5‐MeO‐DMT reliably induces a “peak” experience, a state thought to be a core predictor of the therapeutic efficacy of psychedelics. Observational studies and surveys have suggested that single exposure to 5‐MeO‐DMT can cause rapid and sustained reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. 5‐MeO‐DMT also stimulates neuroendocrine function, immunoregulation, and anti‐inflammatory processes, which may contribute to changes in mental health outcomes. To date, only one clinical trial has been published on 5‐MeO‐DMT, demonstrating the safety of vaporized dosing up to 18 mg. Importantly, the rapid onset and short duration of the 5‐MeO‐DMT experience may render it more suitable for individual dose‐finding strategies compared with longer‐acting psychedelics. A range of biotech companies has shown an interest in the development of 5‐MeO‐DMT formulations for a range of medical indications, most notably depression. Commercial development will therefore be the most important resource for bringing 5‐MeO‐DMT to the clinic. However, fundamental research will also be needed to increase understanding of the neurophysiological and neural mechanisms that contribute to the potential clinical effects of 5‐MeO‐DMT and its sustainability and dissemination over time. Such studies are less likely to be conducted as part of drug development programs and are more likely to rely on independent, academic initiatives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT)

Reckweg

Uthaug

Szabó

et al. 2022

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…Occurrence in nature 5-MeO-DMT is likely to be endogenously produced in humans, as it has been detected in blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (Christian et al, 1975;Corbett et al, 1978;Guchhait, 1976;Heller et al, 1970;Narasimhachari et al, 1971aNarasimhachari et al, , 1971bRiceberg and Vunakis, 1978;Smythies et al, 1979;Tanimukai, 1967, Tanimukai et al, 1970, although several studies contradict this finding (Forsström et al, 2001;Himwich et al, 1972;Huszka et al, 1976;Narasimhachari et al, 1972Narasimhachari et al, , 1974. Pooling these studies together, 5-MeO-DMT was detected in urine of 2 out of 113 individuals, in blood of 20 out of 39 individuals and in cerebrospinal fluid of 40 out of 136 individuals.…”

Section: History Of Discoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

A narrative synthesis of research with 5-MeO-DMT

et al. 2021

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Background: 5-Methoxy- N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a naturally occurring, short-acting psychedelic tryptamine, produced by a variety of plant and animal species. Plants containing 5-MeO-DMT have been used throughout history for ritual and spiritual purposes. The aim of this article is to review the available literature about 5-MeO-DMT and inform subsequent clinical development. Methods: We searched PubMed database for articles about 5-MeO-DMT. Search results were cross-checked against earlier reviews and reference lists were hand searched. Findings were synthesised using a narrative synthesis approach. This review covers the pharmacology, chemistry and metabolism of 5-MeO-DMT, as well epidemiological studies, and reported adverse and beneficial effects. Results: 5-MeO-DMT is serotonergic agonist, with highest affinity for 5-HT1A receptors. It was studied in a variety of animal models, but clinical studies with humans are lacking. Epidemiological studies indicate that, like other psychedelics, 5-MeO-DMT induces profound alterations in consciousness (including mystical experiences), with potential beneficial long-term effects on mental health and well-being. Conclusion: 5-MeO-DMT is a potentially useful addition to the psychedelic pharmacopoeia because of its short duration of action, relative lack of visual effects and putatively higher rates of ego-dissolution and mystical experiences. We conclude that further clinical exploration is warranted, using similar precautions as with other classic psychedelics.

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A critical review of reports of endogenous psychedelic N, N‐dimethyltryptamines in humans: 1955–2010

Barker

McIlhenny

Strassman

2012

Drug Testing and Analysis

107

105

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Three indole alkaloids that possess differing degrees of psychotropic/psychedelic activity have been reported as endogenous substances in humans; N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5‐hydroxy‐DMT (bufotenine, HDMT), and 5‐methoxy‐DMT (MDMT). We have undertaken a critical review of 69 published studies reporting the detection or detection and quantitation of these compounds in human body fluids. In reviewing this literature, we address the methods applied and the criteria used in the determination of the presence of DMT, MDMT, and HDMT. The review provides a historical perspective of the research conducted from 1955 to 2010, summarizing the findings for the individual compounds in blood, urine, and/or cerebrospinal fluid. A critique of the data is offered that addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the methods and approaches to date. The review also discusses the shortcomings of the existing data in light of more recent findings and how these may be overcome. Suggestions for the future directions of endogenous psychedelics research are offered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Urinary Excretion of N,N-Dimethylated Tryptamines in Chronic Schizophrenia: A Review of the Present Status of the Hypothesis

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT)

The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT)

A narrative synthesis of research with 5-MeO-DMT

A critical review of reports of endogenous psychedelic N, N‐dimethyltryptamines in humans: 1955–2010

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