Urinary excretion of nitric oxide metabolites in runners, sedentary individuals and patients with coronary artery disease: effects of 42 km marathon, 15 km race and a cardiac rehabilitation program

Rodriguez-Plaza, Luis; Alfieri, Anna B.; Cubeddu, Luigi X.

doi:10.1097/00043798-199710000-00009

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In these animal models, obesity is associated with high BP, salt sensitivity and impaired NO bioactivity. [37][38][39] Altogether, these findings suggest that obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities impair endothelial and/or renal NO production leading to sodium retention and salt sensitivity. Both salt sensitivity and NO impairment were corrected by treating adiposity and its associated metabolic abnormalities (present study).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Urinary and plasma levels of NO metabolites, and measurements of endothelial-dependent vasodilation have been used to assess NO bioactivity in humans. 1,14,19,37 However, the relative contribution of systemic and of renal NO to urinary NO metabolite excretion is unclear. Downregulation of kidney endothelial 36 and neuronal [38][39][40] NO synthases has been found associated with marked reductions in NO metabolite excretion, suggesting that renal NO production is an important contributor to urinary NO metabolite excretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, endothelial dysfunction was also found associated with impairment in NO metabolite excretion. 37,40 Further, increases in inducible NO synthase activity in response to bladder inflammation has also been shown to increase in urinary NO metabolite excretion. 41 Taking into account these limitations, in this study, urinary NO metabolite levels were employed as a surrogate marker of NO bioactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of lifestyle changes and metformin on salt sensitivity and nitric oxide metabolism in obese salt-sensitive Hispanics

2007

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Salt sensitivity is associated with obesity, and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities corrects salt sensitivity and restores impaired nitric oxide (NO) metabolism characteristic of salt sensitivity. Twenty, otherwise, healthy obese saltsensitive subjects completed a 12-month program of caloric restriction, aerobic exercise and metformin. Two salt sensitivity tests were performed, that is at baseline and end of program. Lifestyle-metformin treatment decreased weight (9.870.3 kg), body mass index (3.970.2 kg/m 2 ), waist (11.570.5 cm), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (8.670.4 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (5.570.4 mm Hg), triglyceride (4075 mg/dl), fasting (8.371 lIU/ml) and post-load (2074 lIU/ml) insulin levels, and salt sensitivity. Going from a highsodium (B300 mmol) to a low-sodium diet (B30 mmol of sodium/day) lowered SBP/DBP by 14.771.7/7.470.9 mm Hg at baseline and by 8.671.9/3.271.2 mm Hg after treatment (Po0.001). More importantly, blood pressure (BP) sensitivity to customary levels of dietary salt (B150 mmol of sodium/day) was abolished by the lifestyle-metformin treatment. Differences in SBP/DBP between usual and low salt averaged 1171/871 mm Hg before treatment, and 371/170.5 mm Hg after treatment (Po0.001). At baseline, NO-metabolite excretion was inhibited during high salt; this impairment was corrected by the lifestyle-metformin treatment. In conclusion, acquired correctable factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of salt sensitivity associated with obesity. Correction of salt sensitivity may account for the BP lowering induced by weight reduction. Restoration of the inability to increase or sustain NO production in response to high salt could account for the correction of salt sensitivity induced by the lifestylemetformin treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of lifestyle changes and metformin on salt sensitivity and nitric oxide metabolism in obese salt-sensitive Hispanics

2007

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“…Although urinary excretion of NO metabolites may be reduced in patients with atherosclerosis, this type of evaluation is complicated by the fact that many stimuli, such as exercise, regulate their release. 26 Finally, in patients with coronary artery disease, vascular extracellular superoxide dismutase, an important antioxidant enzyme system, is substantially reduced, and thus this compound too is being evaluated as a marker of endothelial dysfunction. 27 Endothelium-independent vasodilation can be evaluated in the coronary or peripheral circulation after administration of agents that directly relax smooth muscle cells, such as nitroglycerin or sodium nitroprusside.…”

Section: Techniques For Assessing Endothelial Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Utility of Endothelial Function Testing

2003

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“…Stacey et al, [21] observed significantly decreased levels of plasma nitrate/nitrite production despite significantly elevated dietary ingestion of nitrates in AM athletes compared to sedentary EU women. Since chronic aerobic exercise enhances blood flow and shear stress [174], and strenuous exercise can incur striking increases in plasma [175] and urinary [176] nitric oxide metabolite concentrations, it is interesting that despite participating in chronic endurance activities, the AM athletes did not demonstrate increased nitric oxide concentrations.…”

Section: Nitric Oxide and Am Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cardiovascular Effects of Chronic Hypoestrogenism in Amenorrhoeic Athletes

O’Donnell

Souza

2004

Sports Medicine

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In premenopausal women, the most severe menstrual dysfunction is amenorrhea and is associated with chronic hypoestrogenism. In postmenopausal women, the coincident hypoestrogenism observed is associated with a number of clinical sequelae related to cardiovascular health. Due to an observed cardioprotective effect of E2, persistently low E2 levels in amenorrheic (AM) athletes may confer deleterious effects on cardiovascular health.The incidence of amenorrhea among athletes is much greater than that observed among sedentary women. Recent data in AM athletes demonstrate impaired endothelial function, elevated low-and high-density lipoprotein levels, reduced circulating nitrates and nitrites, and increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. An improvement in endothelial function has also been reported during the recovery of menstrual cyclicity in a small sample of previously AM athletes. Although no longitudinal studies exist, these findings are suggestive of increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease in AM athletes. These issues are explored and discussed in detail in this comprehensive review paper. Future research should focus on the presentation and progression of these adverse cardiovascular parameters in physically active women and athletes with hypoestrogenism to determine their effect on long-term health outcomes.

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Urinary excretion of nitric oxide metabolites in runners, sedentary individuals and patients with coronary artery disease: effects of 42 km marathon, 15 km race and a cardiac rehabilitation program

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of lifestyle changes and metformin on salt sensitivity and nitric oxide metabolism in obese salt-sensitive Hispanics

Effects of lifestyle changes and metformin on salt sensitivity and nitric oxide metabolism in obese salt-sensitive Hispanics

Clinical Utility of Endothelial Function Testing

The Cardiovascular Effects of Chronic Hypoestrogenism in Amenorrhoeic Athletes

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