Urinary hydration biomarkers and dietary intake in children

Abstract

Introduction: The importance of hydration is undoubtable but reliable data on hydration status and its relation with diet is lacking. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the hydration status and its relation to beverages and food intake in children. Methods: A sample of 172 (50% male), 7-11 year-old children was included in this survey. Participants completed a 24 h urine collection; a 24 hours food recall corresponding to the day of urine collection was applied, weight and height were measured and parents/caregivers fi lled a lifestyle and socio-demographic questionnaire. The free water reserve was used to assess the hydration status. The intakes of food and beverages were compared according to hydration status using the t-test, Mann-Whitney test or unconditional regression models as appropriate. Results: More than half of the participants were classifi ed as hypohydrated or at risk of hypohydration (57% in girls and 58% in boys). Compared to hypohydrated children, a signifi cant higher consumption of water (276.2 ± 208.4 vs 188.2 ± 187.4 g/day) and fruit juices (77.6 ± 139.4 vs 14.4 ± 57.2 g/day) was reported by euhydrated boys and girls, respectively. Lower consumers of water and fruit juices showed a higher risk of hypohydration (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.02-4.58, p = 0.045), adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: Most of the children included in this analysis were classifi ed as at risk of hypohydration and those with higher water and fruit juices consumption showed a better hydration status.

High prevalence and associated risk factors of dehydration among college students: implications for health and academic performance

“…19,29 It provides additional support to studies by other investigators that showed that poor hydration status is common among college students. 19,30,31 Inadequate water intake was significantly associated with the highest Odds (OR=6.4, CI 2.121-19.385) for dehydration among participants.…”

“…19,29 It provides additional support to studies by other investigators that showed that poor hydration status is common among college students. 19,30,31 Inadequate water intake was significantly associated with the highest Odds (OR=6.4, CI 2.121-19.385) for dehydration among participants. This was found in more than half (59.1%) of all dehydrated participants, further confirming the assertion that most children and adults, and in particular school aged children, adolescences and adults do not consume enough water for their age groups as defined by IOM and EFSA.…”

“…19,[36][37][38] The multivariable logistic regression analysis of individual risk factors in the present study confirmed higher odds for dehydration among participants with parents or guardians of middle or low SES. Parents/guardians of low SES had a greater risk than those of middle SES.…”

“…18 However, because regulation of water balance is complex and dynamic and disparities in the prevalence of dehydration exist across population groups and is influenced by environmental and non-environmental factors and can be modified by cultural dietary customs, and given the effect of dehydration on academic performance and health-related quality of life, a population-specific evaluation of hydration status and associated risk factors, and in particular among college students would be necessary to identify groups at risk. 19 Therefore, we sought to accurately assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of dehydration among college students in Uyo, Southern Nigeria, which hitherto has not been documented.…”

“…19 Above all, variations in cultural practices regarding water intake in healthy subjects is also contributory, making it difficult to compare results. 3 Although the consumption of beverages and foods contribute to total body fluid balance, water intake is known to contribute a greater proportion of the total body fluid.…”