Urinary iodine concentration and its associations with thyroid function in pregnant women of Shanghai

Wu, Yingliang; Yang, Jie; Su, Qing; Gu, Huijie; Li, Qin

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1184747

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Our study found that UIC had no correlation with thyroid function indicators or thyroid diseases. However, a recent study showed that the relationship between the prevalence of UIC and thyroid diseases embodied a U-shaped curve [ 27 ]. This may be due to the fact that there are many influencing factors on UIC in pregnant women, and individual UIC levels fluctuate greatly, so they cannot accurately reflect the actual iodine nutritional status of individual pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Iodine as a Potential Individual Iodine Status Biomarker: A Cohort Study of Mild Iodine Deficient Pregnant Women in China

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is a widespread public health concern, but indicators and methods for assessing iodine nutritional status are lacking. Serum iodine concentration (SIC) is an important iodine metabolism biomarker and can, to some extent, predict the risk of thyroid diseases, making it a potential biomarker for assessing individual iodine nutrition levels. Our study aimed to analyze the relationship between SIC and thyroid function in a cohort of mild iodine deficient pregnant women in China in order to explore the potential of SIC as a biomarker of individual iodine status in pregnancy. A total of 1540 early pregnant women (gestation < 10 weeks) aged 18 to 45 years old were included in the final study from a Zhejiang multicenter population-based mother and child cohort. Repeated measures of SIC, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and thyroid function were taken at approximately 10, 17, and 32 weeks of gestation. The SIC was statistically correlated with all thyroid function indexes in the first trimester, and a very strong positive correlation with FT4 over three trimesters (r = 0.449, 0.550, and 0.544, respectively). Pregnant women with an SIC < 72.4 µg/L were at a higher risk of hypothyroxinemia (adjusted OR = 8.911, 95% CI = 5.141–15.447) and iodine deficiency (adjusted OR = 1.244, 95% CI = 1.031–1.502), while those with an SIC > 93.9 µg/L were at a higher risk of thyrotoxicosis (adjusted OR = 11.064, 95% CI = 6.324–19.357) and excessive iodine (adjusted OR = 11.064, 95% CI = 6.324–19.357). In contrast, the UIC was not correlated with thyroid diseases (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that the SIC is a potential biomarker for assessing individual iodine nutrition and thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Iodine as a Potential Individual Iodine Status Biomarker: A Cohort Study of Mild Iodine Deficient Pregnant Women in China

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…Both insufficient ( 112 ) and excessive ( 117 ) iodine intake may lead to maternal hypothyroidism. Researchers have explored the relationship between iodine intake and maternal thyroid hormone levels, with adequate iodine intake considered helpful in maintaining normal thyroid function ( 118 , 119 ) Multiple studies focus on monitoring postpartum mothers’ iodine nutrition status ( 120 – 122 ), aiding in the formulation of iodine supplementation strategies and providing guidance on iodine intake recommendations. Overall, researchers have conducted in-depth investigations into the relationship between iodine and Maternal Hypothyroidism to promote effective management of the health of pregnant and postpartum women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging research themes in maternal hypothyroidism: a bibliometric exploration

Chen,

Luo,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundHypothyroidism, a prevalent endocrine disorder, carries significant implications for maternal and infant health, especially in the context of maternal hypothyroidism. Despite a gradual surge in recent research, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the current state, focal points, and developmental trends in this field remains challenging. Clarifying these aspects and advancing research could notably enhance maternal-infant health outcomes. Therefore, this study employs bibliometric methods to systematically scrutinize maternal hypothyroidism research, serving as a reference for further investigations.ObjectiveThrough bibliometric analysis, this study seeks to unveil key research focus areas, developmental trends, and primary contributors in Maternal Hypothyroidism. The findings offer insights and recommendations to inform future research endeavors in this domain.MethodsLiterature metrics analysis was performed on data retrieved and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The analysis examined the evolution and thematic trends of literature related to Maternal Hypothyroidism. Data were collected on October 28, 2023, and bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the Bibliometrix software package, considering specific characteristics such as publication year, country/region, institution, authorship, journals, references, and keywords.ResultsRetrieved from 1,078 journals, 4,184 articles were authored by 18,037 contributors in 4,580 institutions across 113 countries/regions on six continents. Maternal Hypothyroidism research publications surged from 44 to 310 annually, a 604.54% growth from 1991 to 2022. The USA (940 articles, 45,233 citations), China Medical University (82 articles, 2,176 citations), and Teng, Weiping (52 articles, 1,347 citations) emerged as the most productive country, institution, and author, respectively. “Thyroid” topped with 233 publications, followed by “Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” (202) with the most citations (18,513). “Pregnancy” was the most cited keyword, with recent high-frequency keywords such as “outcome,” “gestational diabetes,” “iodine intake,” “preterm birth,” “guideline,” and “diagnosis” signaling emerging themes in Maternal Hypothyroidism.ConclusionsThis study unveils developmental trends, global collaboration patterns, foundational knowledge, and emerging frontiers in Maternal Hypothyroidism. Over 30 years, research has predominantly focused on aspects like diagnosis, treatment guidelines, thyroid function during pregnancy, and postpartum outcomes, with a central emphasis on the correlation between maternal and fetal health.

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“…The results of other studies have shown a similar trend. For example, one study conducted in Shanghai (China) displayed that both low and high urine iodine concentration was related to thyroid function and autoimmunity, it is important to keep an optimal iodine nutrition status during gestation (5). It is worth noting that the impact of iodine nutritional status on the occurrence of thyroid diseases is widely recognized, as inadequate iodine intake hampers the maintenance of normal physiological morphology and function of the thyroid gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, nowadays many studies only focused on the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women, and seldom studies concerned on the effect of iodine nutrition on the thyroid function of pregnant women and their neonatal outcome. Among these studies, one conducted in Shanghai (China) displayed that both low and high urine iodine concentration was related to thyroid function and autoimmunity (5). A cross-sectional study in the southeast coast of China showed that serum iodine concentration (SIC) negatively correlated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and positively correlated with other thyroid function indicators, which indicating SIC may serve as a composite indicator of iodine nutritional status (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine nutritional status and its associations with thyroid function of pregnant women and neonatal TSH

Fan,

Bu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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IntroductionIodine serves as a crucial precursor for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and plays an import role in both pregnant women and their offspring. The relationships between iodine nutritional status and maternal thyroid function and neonatal outcomes remain inconclusive in areas with adequate iodine nutrition. This study aims to investigate their correlations.MethodsBlood, morning urine and 24-hour urine were collected from the pregnant women to measure thyroid functions, serum iodine concentration (SIC), morning urine iodine concentration (UIC) and 24-hour urine iodine excretion (24-hour UIE). Indicators of their offspring’s neonatal indexes were recorded.ResultsA total of 559 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The iodine indicators including Tg, 24-hour UIE and morning UIC were significantly different among the euthyroid pregnant women and those with different thyroid disorders. The levels of FT3, FT4, and SIC exhibited a gradual decline and the concentration of TSH exhibited a gradual increase trend throughout the progression of pregnancy in euthyroid pregnant women. There were no significant differences in neonatal outcomes and neonatal TSH values among euthyroid pregnant women and thyroid disorders pregnant women. SIC had a significant impact on maternal FT4 levels throughout all three trimesters, with varying degrees of importance observed in each trimester. TSH level emerged as the primary determinant of FT4 during the first trimester, while SIC exerted a predominant influence on FT4 levels in the second and third trimesters. The prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women was the lowest when the SIC of pregnant women was probable in the range of 60~70 μg/L, 24-hours UIE was in the range of 250~450 μg, and Tg was in the range of 9~21 μg/L. Maternal TSH exhibited a notable influence on neonatal TSH levels, particularly at the 50th and 75th quantiles. Among the iodine nutritional indicators, SIC and morning UIC demonstrated higher AUC values for abnormal FT4 and TSH, respectively.DiscussionThe iodine nutrition status of pregnant women exerts an impact on their thyroid function and prevalence of thyroid disorders, and neonatal TSH was affected by maternal TSH. SIC may be a better indicator for iodine nutritional assessment than other indexes.

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Urinary iodine concentration and its associations with thyroid function in pregnant women of Shanghai

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Serum Iodine as a Potential Individual Iodine Status Biomarker: A Cohort Study of Mild Iodine Deficient Pregnant Women in China

Serum Iodine as a Potential Individual Iodine Status Biomarker: A Cohort Study of Mild Iodine Deficient Pregnant Women in China

Emerging research themes in maternal hypothyroidism: a bibliometric exploration

Iodine nutritional status and its associations with thyroid function of pregnant women and neonatal TSH

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