Urinary levoglucosan as a biomarker of wood smoke: Results of human exposure studies

Bergauff, Megan; Ward, Tony; Noonan, Curtis W.; Migliaccio, Christopher T.; Simpson, Christopher D.; Evanoski, Ashley R; Palmer, Christopher P.

doi:10.1038/jes.2009.46

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is in ac cordance with the findings in pooled samples of morning urine collected from 10 randomly selected Viennese fe male participants of a biomonitoring study (unpublished data). Furthermore, this is confirmed by a recent study which stated that the levoglucosan background level is present due to dietary influences [10]. After the oral in take, urine concentrations increased rapidly and reached the highest values after 3 hours (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Woodsmoke marker levoglucosan: Kinetics in a self-experiment

Moshammer

Weiß

Neuberger

2012

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: Concerns on climate change are leading to the renaissance of wood burning and particulate exposures. Levo glucosan is used as a marker of woodsmoke in air and urine. Objectives: Contribution of data on urinary excretion of levo glucosan, to improve biomonitoring and source apportionment of woodsmoke. Materials and Methods: 1, 3, 5, and 7 hours after 5 mg of levoglucosan had been administered orally, urinary excretion was measured by HPLC and mass spectrometry. Results: After oral intake, urine concentrations increased rapidly, reached highest values after 3 hours, and after 7 hours approximately 70% of the administered dose was excreted. Conclusions: Urinary levoglucosan may be used for biomoni toring of woodsmoke exposure on the same day. Key words: Woodsmoke Biomonitoring, Levoglucosan, Human urine, ExcretionThe authors declare that the procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (Ethics Com mittee, Medical University of Vienna) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 1983. The authors Hanns Moshammer (HM) and Manfred Neuberger (MN) experimented on themselves with a low dose, comparable to involuntary environmental exposure, and asked Stefan Weiss to analyze the excretion in their urine. HM and MN are independent and fully informed researchers.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Woodsmoke marker levoglucosan: Kinetics in a self-experiment

Moshammer

Weiß

Neuberger

2012

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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“…urinary levoglucosan, 19 methoxyphenols, 32 and OH-PAHs. This provided a unique opportunity to evaluate these biomarkers based on the following aspects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also investigated the relationship between the PAH metabolites and the air pollutants on personal air samples collected during the 2-h exposure. This is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, that measured all three major biomarker classes for woodsmoke —levoglucosan, 19 methoxyphenols, 32 and PAH metabolites—in the same urine specimens. We compared these proposed biomarkers with regard to sensitivity, specificity and practicality for assessing woodsmoke exposure in epidemiological studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites as biomarkers to woodsmoke exposure — results from a controlled exposure study

Trinidad

Pittman

et al. 2015

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Woodsmoke contains harmful components—such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)—and impacts more than half of the global population. We investigated urinary hydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) as woodsmoke exposure biomarkers in nine non-smoking volunteers experimentally exposed to a wood fire. Individual urine samples were collected from 24-h before to 48-h after the exposure and personal PM2.5 samples were collected during the 2-h woodsmoke exposure. Concentrations of nine OH-PAHs increased by 1.8–7.2 times within 2.3–19.3 h, and returned to baseline approximately 24 h after the exposure. 2-Naphthol (2-NAP) had the largest post-exposure increase and exhibited a clear excretion pattern in all participants. The level of urinary OH-PAHs, except 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR), correlated with those of PM2.5, levoglucosan and PAHs in personal PM2.5 samples. This finding suggests that several urinary OH-PAHs, especially 2-NAP, are potential exposure biomarkers to woodsmoke; by contrast, 1-PYR may not be a suitable biomarker. Compared to levoglucosan and methoxyphenols–two other urinary woodsmoke biomarkers that were measured in the same study and reported previously–OH-PAHs might be better biomarkers based on sensitivity, robustness and stability, particularly under suboptimal sampling and storage conditions, like in epidemiological studies carried out in less-developed areas.

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“…Levoglucosan is derived from cellulose burning at temperatures greater than 300 • C (Simoneit et al, 1999;Ward et al, 2006a). Potassium (K) is also a good tracer for woodsmoke and often used in conjunction with levoglucosan (Bergauff et al, 2010;Jeong et al, 2008;Urban et al, 2012). Other commonly used PM 2.5 source chemical markers are described in Gibson et al (2013b), Harrison et al (2011) andJeong et al (2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of four receptor models used to quantify the boreal wildfire smoke contribution to surface PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Halifax, Nova Scotia during the BORTAS-B experiment

et al. 2015

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Abstract. This paper presents a quantitative comparison of the four most commonly used receptor models, namely absolute principal component scores (APCS), pragmatic mass closure (PMC), chemical mass balance (CMB) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The models were used to predict the contributions of a wide variety of sources to PM 2.5 mass in Halifax, Nova Scotia during the experiment to quantify the impact of BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites (BOR-TAS). However, particular emphasis was placed on the capacity of the models to predict the boreal wildfire smoke contributions during the BORTAS experiment. The performance of the four receptor models was assessed on their ability to predict the observed PM 2.5 with an R 2 close to 1, an intercept close to zero, a low bias and low RSME. Using PMF, a new woodsmoke enrichment factor of 52 was estimated for use in the PMC receptor model. The results indicate that the APCS and PMC receptor models were not able to accurately resolve total PM 2.5 mass concentrations below 2 µg m −3 . CMB was better able to resolve these low PM 2.5 concentrations, but it could not be run on 9 of the 45 days of PM 2.5 samples. PMF was found to be the most robust of the four models since it was able to resolve PM 2.5 mass below 2 µg m −3 , predict PM 2.5 mass on all 45 days and utilise an unambiguous woodsmoke chemical tracer. The median woodsmoke relative contributions to PM 2.5 estimated using PMC, APCS, CMB and PMF were found to be 0.08, 0.09, 3.59 and 0.14 µg m −3 respectively. The contribution predicted by the CMB model seemed to be clearly too high based on other observations. The use of levoglucosan as a tracer for woodsmoke was found to be vital for identifying this source.

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Urinary levoglucosan as a biomarker of wood smoke: Results of human exposure studies

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Woodsmoke marker levoglucosan: Kinetics in a self-experiment

Woodsmoke marker levoglucosan: Kinetics in a self-experiment

Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites as biomarkers to woodsmoke exposure — results from a controlled exposure study

A comparison of four receptor models used to quantify the boreal wildfire smoke contribution to surface PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Halifax, Nova Scotia during the BORTAS-B experiment

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Urinary levoglucosan as a biomarker of wood smoke: Results of human exposure studies

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Woodsmoke marker levoglucosan: Kinetics in a self-experiment

Woodsmoke marker levoglucosan: Kinetics in a self-experiment

Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites as biomarkers to woodsmoke exposure — results from a controlled exposure study

A comparison of four receptor models used to quantify the boreal wildfire smoke contribution to surface PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in Halifax, Nova Scotia during the BORTAS-B experiment

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A comparison of four receptor models used to quantify the boreal wildfire smoke contribution to surface PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Halifax, Nova Scotia during the BORTAS-B experiment