“…Depending on the detection target, different metals, enzymes, complexing agents, polymers, etc., are added to adjust the composition of the ink. The results obtained with proposed exomiR biosensor were compared with previous reports [ 17 , 27 , 32 ], and we optimized the surface of the SPCE with minor modification of the biotin-binding protein Streptavidin to NeutrAvidin, then applied it to real clinical urine samples from PCa patients, which considerably increased affinity of the probe, as well as the stability of the platform. The proposed exomiR biosensor could significantly improve the clinical screening of PCa patients, which, to date, has relied on invasive methods to collect serum to detect PSA.…”