2022
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.893013
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Urinary Neurotransmitter Patterns Are Altered in Canine Epilepsy

Abstract: Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease in humans and dogs. Epilepsy is thought to be caused by an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Intact neurotransmitters are transported from the central nervous system to the periphery, from where they are subsequently excreted through the urine. In human medicine, non-invasive urinary neurotransmitter analysis is used to manage psychological diseases, but not as yet for epilepsy. The current study aimed to investigate if urinary ne… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(29 citation statements)
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References 150 publications
(145 reference statements)
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“…Given that GABA is formed through transamination of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate, which then undergoes decarboxylation by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) to form GABA, our observed increase in GABA and decrease in glutamate could be therefrom consistent with previous studies ( 67 ). In addition, most recently dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy under anti-seizure pharmacotherapy were shown to have significantly higher GABA concentration in urine increased to a similar level as measured in healthy companions ( 68 ). However, even if plausible, this remains highly speculative, the measurements in urine do not let one conclude that the same changes can be found in the brain or reflect brain metabolism of MCFA being connected to neurotransmitter recycling in astrocytes.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 90%
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“…Given that GABA is formed through transamination of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate, which then undergoes decarboxylation by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) to form GABA, our observed increase in GABA and decrease in glutamate could be therefrom consistent with previous studies ( 67 ). In addition, most recently dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy under anti-seizure pharmacotherapy were shown to have significantly higher GABA concentration in urine increased to a similar level as measured in healthy companions ( 68 ). However, even if plausible, this remains highly speculative, the measurements in urine do not let one conclude that the same changes can be found in the brain or reflect brain metabolism of MCFA being connected to neurotransmitter recycling in astrocytes.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Another relevant limitation is the aspect, that the direct correlation between intracerebral and extracerebral metabolites (blood, urine) has been shown to a more or less extent in previous research. This has been discussed in detail in a recently published article from our group ( 68 ). Although the baseline diet was kept stable, urine collection was standardised and fasted serum samples were used to interrogate the global shifts in metabolism associated with diet consumption.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 92%
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“…Evidence for such a difference comes from recent studies. In idiopathic epileptic (IE) dogs significantly lower GABA levels were found in urine specimens in untreated compared to treated dogs (32). Besides these indirect metabolite measurements in the urine, lower glutamine-glutamate (GLX)/creatine ratios have been detected in the brain of IE dogs under antiseizure drug treatment compared to those without antiseizure drug treatment and to healthy control dogs (31,32).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%