Urinary paraquat concentration and white blood cell count as prognostic factors in paraquat poisoning

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effect of white blood cell (WBC) and urinary paraquat (PQ) levels on prognostic factors in patients exposed to PQ intoxication using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Methods: A total of 104 subjects intoxicated with PQ between December 2015 and July 2016 were used in this retrospective study. They comprised patients who survived (n = 78), and patients who died (n = 26). Clinical features and prognostic parameters were analyzed in both groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to establish a prognostic correlation model based on results from single factor variables. Results: Comparison of demographic and clinical attributes between the two groups, survivors (n = 78) and non-survivors (n = 26), revealed that those who survived were not as old (33.3 ± 9.9 years) as nonsurvivors (41.5 ± 12.9 years). In addition, on admission, it was found that the survivors ingested lower amounts of PQ (31.6 ± 13.8 ml) than non-survivors (67.88 ± 31.2 ml). There were significant differences between the two groups with respect to WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), amylase, uric acid (UA), pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), base excess (BE), lactic acid, and D-dimer levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: WBC and urine PQ concentration have strong correlation with prognostic factors in PQ poisoning.

Risk Assessment and Protective Effect of Respirators on Airborne Paraquat Exposure during Simulated Spraying Operations

“…cartridge and cup-shaped mask, could be recommended to the sprayers as this finding shows it could reduce the acute effects of throat irritation and other related respiratory symptoms. Hence, this risk estimation meant that health monitoring was recommended; serum uric acid level, white blood cell counts or urinary paraquat concentration determination, had been previously reported as biomarkers of PQ exposure [19]. According to that biomarker detection, a previous study of an ambient air PQ concentration which was 800 times higher than our simulated condition found a PQ biomarker detected in urine at the end of the spraying which was significantly higher than that detected before spraying (p-value < 0.001) [20].…”