Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Biomarkers of Reproductive Function in Young Men

Jönsson, Bo; Richthoff, Jonas; Rylander, Lars; Giwercman, Aleksander; Hagmar, Lars

doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000164555.19041.01

Cited by 215 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This may be related to the much lower production of DEP in Japan (700 tons in 2002 [35]) than in the USA (11,700 tons in 1988 [2]). On the contrary, urinary MnBP concentration was higher in the present study and in European countries [14,36] than in the USA, except for Hoppin et al's [18] study. However, production of DBP was 4,135 tons in Japan [35] and 7,752 tons in USA [3], thus it is unlikely that the difference in MnBP concentration between countries was related to production amount of DBP.…”

Section: Intra-and Interindividual Variations In Urinary Metabolite Ccontrasting

confidence: 87%

Exposure assessment of phthalate esters in Japanese pregnant women by using urinary metabolite analysis

Suzuki

Niwa

Yoshinaga

et al. 2009

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives Our objectives were (1) to evaluate whether single spot urine is suitable media for longer-term phthalate esters exposure assessment, and (2) to estimate intake level of phthalate esters of Japanese pregnant women using urinary metabolites as an indicator of prenatal exposure level in their offspring. Methods We analyzed nine metabolites (MMP, MEP, MnBP, MBzP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MINP, MnOP) of seven phthalate esters in spot urine samples from 50 pregnant women by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Using four urine samples collected from each of 12 subjects from 50 pregnant women within 5-12 weeks, we compared intra-and interindividual variation in urinary metabolites by calculation of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We estimated daily intakes of 50 pregnant women from their urinary metabolite concentrations.Results ICCs for seven phthalate metabolite concentrations in single spot urine samples were: MMP (0.57), MEP (0.47), MnBP (0.69), MBzP (0.28), MEHP (0.51), MEHHP (0.43), and MEOHP (0.41) in 12 pregnant women. Phthalate ester metabolites had high detection rates in 50 subjects. The mean daily intake ranged from 0.01 to 2 lg/kg per day. The daily intake levels in all subjects were lower than corresponding tolerable daily intake (TDI) set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), though maximum value for DnBP of 6.91 lg/kg per day accounted for 70% of TDI value. Conclusions Higher ICCs indicated that phthalate metabolite levels in single spot urine could reflect longer-term exposure to the corresponding diesters of subjects. Although the current exposure level was less than TDIs, further studies and exposure monitoring are needed to reveal the toxicity of phthalate esters to sensitive subpopulation.

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Section: Intra-and Interindividual Variations In Urinary Metabolite Ccontrasting

confidence: 87%

Exposure assessment of phthalate esters in Japanese pregnant women by using urinary metabolite analysis

Suzuki

Niwa

Yoshinaga

et al. 2009

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…In a recently published study from Sweden, Jonsson et al (2005) recruited 234 young Swedish men at the time of their medical conscript examination. Each man provided a single urine sample used to measure concentrations of MEP, MEHP, MBzP, MBP and phthalic acid.…”

Section: Phthalates (A) Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalates and other additives in plastics: human exposure and associated health outcomes

Meeker

Sathyanarayana

Swan

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

694

391

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Concern exists over whether additives in plastics to which most people are exposed, such as phthalates, bisphenol A or polybrominated diphenyl ethers, may cause harm to human health by altering endocrine function or through other biological mechanisms. Human data are limited compared with the large body of experimental evidence documenting reproductive or developmental toxicity in relation to these compounds. Here, we discuss the current state of human evidence, as well as future research trends and needs.Because exposure assessment is often a major weakness in epidemiological studies, and in utero exposures to reproductive or developmental toxicants are important, we also provide original data on maternal exposure to phthalates during and after pregnancy (n ¼ 242). Phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine showed weak correlations between pre-and post-natal samples, though the strength of the relationship increased when duration between the two samples decreased. Phthalate metabolite levels also tended to be higher in post-natal samples.In conclusion, there is a great need for more human studies of adverse health effects associated with plastic additives. Recent advances in the measurement of exposure biomarkers hold much promise in improving the epidemiological data, but their utility must be understood to facilitate appropriate study design.

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“…(2005) [56] reported that only subjects within the highest quartile for monoethyl phthalate (MEP) had fewer motile sperms, more immotile sperms, and lower luteinizing hormone values, but there was no suggestion of harmful effects for most other endpoints. In the study in China there was no significant difference between phthalate concentrations of semen and sperm density and liveability, while there was a significant positive association between liquefied time of semen and phthalate concentrations of semen [59].…”

Section: R E V I E W P a P E R S Ijomeh 2009;22(4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors and semen quality

Jurewicz¹,

Hanke²,

Radwan³

et al. 2009

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

163

109

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Objectives: An increasing number of reports suggest that chemical and physical agents in the environment, introduced and spread by human activity, may affect male fertility in humans. This article aims at evaluating the impact of environmental exposures (pesticides, phthalates, PCBs, air pollution, trihalomethanes (THMs), mobile phones) on semen quality, by reviewing most recent published literature. Materials and Methods: Epidemiological studies focusing on exposure to environmental factors and semen quality for the last ten years were identified by a search of the Pubmed, Medline, Ebsco, Agricola and Toxnet literature bases. Results: The results from the presented studies suggest that there are strong and rather consistent indications that some pesticides besides DBCP (e.g. DDT/Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [DDE], ethylenedibromide, organophosphates) affects sperm count. PCBs are detrimental to sperm motility. In case of air pollution, studies suggest a link between ambient air pollutants and various semen characteristics. Additional research is needed to corroborate this association and to establish the causal agents. Results of few studies on subfertile men demonstrate associations between phthalate levels commonly experienced by the public and impaired sperm quality (impact on sperm concentration, morphology, motility), but the findings have not been corroborated in studies of men from the general population. Mobile phones might adversely affect the quality of semen by decreasing mostly motility but also the sperm counts, viability and morphology. In spite of their consistent results, most of the studies are rather small. Association between exposure to THMs and poor semen quality was not observed. Conclusions: Epidemiological studies suggest awareness of environmental factors which may affect semen quality. In case both of well proven and disputable reproductive and developmental hazards, it is necessary to prevent parental exposure to the agents associated with those hazards.

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Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Biomarkers of Reproductive Function in Young Men

Cited by 215 publications

References 20 publications

Exposure assessment of phthalate esters in Japanese pregnant women by using urinary metabolite analysis

Exposure assessment of phthalate esters in Japanese pregnant women by using urinary metabolite analysis

Phthalates and other additives in plastics: human exposure and associated health outcomes

Environmental factors and semen quality

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