Urinary schistosomiasis-associated morbidity in schoolchildren detected with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) reagent strips

Stothard, J. Russell; Sousa-Figueiredo, José Carlos; Khamis, I. Simba; Garba, Amadou; Rollinson, David

doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2008.09.010

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…CLINITEK Microalbumin Reagent Strips (Bayer, UK) were used to determine the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) threshold levels (normal: UACR < 3.4 mg/mmol, abnormal: UACR ≥ 3.4 mg/mmol, or highly abnormal: UACR ≥ 33.9 mg/mmol), as read from the instrument following the manufacturer's guidelines. For each child, albuminuria as a marker of schistosome-related morbidity associated with urinary tract pathology was defined as a positive test for high abnormal UACR in each of the fresh urine samples examined [4]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease causes significant paediatric health problems in endemic regions, with negative impacts on child health and development. In S. haematobium infections, damage caused by the parasite eggs lodged in tissues or exiting the body via the urine can result in bladder or urinary tract pathology, often characterized by blood in urine (macro- or microhaematuria), painful urination (dysuria), and proteinuria [4, 5]. High levels of albumin in urine have also been shown to be strongly correlated with urinary tract pathology due to S. haematobium infection [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Assessment of Health Benefits of Praziquantel Treatment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Preschool and Primary School-Aged Children

Wami

Nausch

Midzi

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in Africa. However, it is only recently that its burden has become recognised as a significant component impacting on the health and development of preschool-aged children. A longitudinal study was conducted in Zimbabwean children to determine the effect of single praziquantel treatment on Schistosoma haematobium-related morbidity markers: microhaematuria, proteinuria, and albuminuria. Changes in these indicators were compared in 1–5 years versus 6–10 years age groups to determine if treatment outcomes differed by age. Praziquantel was efficacious at reducing infection 12 weeks after treatment: cure rate = 94.6% (95% CI: 87.9–97.7%). Infection rates remained lower at 12 months after treatment compared to baseline in both age groups. Among treated children, the odds of morbidity at 12 weeks were significantly lower compared to baseline for proteinuria: odds ratio (OR) = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.31–0.95) and albuminuria: OR = 0.05 (95% CI: 0.02–0.14). Microhaematuria significantly reduced 12 months after treatment, and the effect of treatment did not differ by age group: OR = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.50–1.87). In conclusion, praziquantel treatment has health benefits in preschool-aged children exposed to S. haematobium and its efficacy on infection and morbidity is not age-dependent.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Assessment of Health Benefits of Praziquantel Treatment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Preschool and Primary School-Aged Children

Wami

Nausch

Midzi

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whilst co-infection of both types of schistosomiasis is known, its extent remains poorly quantified but it is likely that several tens of millions live with both forms of disease [7] which may have permitted some ancestral genetic introgression between species previously [8]. In addition, there is now growing evidence for zoonotic transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis, so surveillance systems should become increasing alert to this possibility [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel (PZQ) is the main control strategy [12]. With international support [7], several national control programmes (NCPs), including Malawi, are active in conducting mass drug administration (MDA) of PZQ. Indeed access to PZQ has expanded vastly in recent years [1,7,12] and in line with the WHO Strategic Plan for Control of Schistosomiasis, in the forthcoming 2012-2020 period, further scale-up of MDA is predicted in SSA with up to 250 million tablets earmarked each year for treatment of school-aged children (SAC) alone [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Schistosomiasis in pre-school-age children and their mothers in Chikhwawa district, Malawi with notes on characterization of schistosomes and snails

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTo complement ongoing schistosomiasis control within national control programmes (NCPs) that administer praziquantel to school-age children, assessing the risk and extent of schistosomiasis in pre-school-age children (PSAC) is important.MethodsIn June 2012, schistosomiasis in Chikhwawa district, Malawi was assessed across 12 villages examining pre-school-age children (PSAC) and their mothers by serological and parasitological diagnosis, as supplemented with urine-antigen and questionnaire-interview methods. Urinary tract morbidity was inferred by haematuria and albuminuria assays.ResultsIn total, 49.5% (CI95 42.6-56.4) of 208 PSAC and 94.5% (CI95 90.9-98.1) of 165 mothers were seropositive for schistosomiasis, in 2 villages seroprevalence exceeded 75% in PSAC. Egg-patent urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis was observed; 17.7% (CI95 12.4-23.2) of PSAC and 45.1% (CI95 37.4-52.8) of mothers having active schistosomiasis by parasitological and urine-antigen testing combined. PSAC often had extensive daily water contact and many (~25%) had haematuria and albuminuria. As eggs with an atypical morphology of Schistosoma haematobium were observed, a general selection of schistosome eggs was characterized by DNA barcoding, finding Group I S. haematobium and Group IV and V S. mansoni. Malacological surveys encountered several populations of Bulinus globosus but failed to find Biomphalaria.ConclusionsBoth PSAC and their mothers appear to be at significant risk of schistosomiasis and should be considered for treatment within the NCP of Malawi.

show abstract

Circulating antigen tests and urine reagent strips for diagnosis of active schistosomiasis in endemic areas

Ochodo

Gopalakrishna

Spek

et al. 2015

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Point‐of‐care (POC) tests for diagnosing schistosomiasis include tests based on circulating antigen detection and urine reagent strip tests. If they had sufficient diagnostic accuracy they could replace conventional microscopy as they provide a quicker answer and are easier to use. Objectives To summarise the diagnostic accuracy of: a) urine reagent strip tests in detecting active Schistosoma haematobium infection, with microscopy as the reference standard; and b) circulating antigen tests for detecting active Schistosoma infection in geographical regions endemic for Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium or both , with microscopy as the reference standard. Search methods We searched the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, MEDION, and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) without language restriction up to 30 June 2014. Selection criteria We included studies that used microscopy as the reference standard: for S. haematobium , microscopy of urine prepared by filtration, centrifugation, or sedimentation methods; and for S. mansoni , microscopy of stool by Kato‐Katz thick smear. We included studies on participants residing in endemic areas only. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently extracted data, assessed quality of the data using QUADAS‐2, and performed meta‐analysis where appropriate. Using the variability of test thresholds, we used the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model for all eligible tests (except the circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) POC for S. mansoni , where the bivariate random‐effects model was more appropriate). We investigated heterogeneity, and carried out indirect comparisons where data were sufficient. Results for sensitivity and specificity are presented as percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Main results We included 90 studies; 88 from field settings in Africa. The median S. haematobium infection prevalence was 41% (range 1% to 89%) and 36% for S. mansoni (range 8% to 95%). Study design and conduct were poorly reported against current standards. Tests for S. haematobium Urine reagent test strips versus microscopy Compared to microscopy, the detection of microhaematuria on test strips had the highest sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity 75%, 95% CI 71% to 79%; specificity 87%, 95% CI 84% to 90%; 74 studies, 102,447 participants). For proteinuria, sensitivity was 61% and specificity was 82% (82,113 participants); and for leukocyturia, sensitivity was 58% and specificity 61% (1532 participants). Howeve...

show abstract

Urinary schistosomiasis-associated morbidity in schoolchildren detected with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) reagent strips

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Comparative Assessment of Health Benefits of Praziquantel Treatment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Preschool and Primary School-Aged Children

Comparative Assessment of Health Benefits of Praziquantel Treatment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Preschool and Primary School-Aged Children

Schistosomiasis in pre-school-age children and their mothers in Chikhwawa district, Malawi with notes on characterization of schistosomes and snails

Circulating antigen tests and urine reagent strips for diagnosis of active schistosomiasis in endemic areas

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About