Urinary Tract

Nyland, Thomas G.; Widmer, William R.; Mattoon, John S.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4867-1.00016-7

Cited by 34 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 222 publications

(284 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, the cynomolgus monkeys presented differences in shape between right and left kidneys by ultrasonographic evaluation . In normal dogs, the renal cortex presents echogenicity similar to or slightly less than that of the liver parenchyma . In the present study, the cortical echogenicity was also slightly less echogenic than the liver.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Renal evaluation with B‐mode and Doppler ultrasound in captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella)

Silva

Machado

Teixeira

et al. 2015

J of Medical Primatology

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Renal evaluation with B‐mode and Doppler ultrasound in captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella)

Silva

Machado

Teixeira

et al. 2015

J of Medical Primatology

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“…The shape, size, contours, renal pelvis, renal medulla, corticomedullary distinction and renal cortical echogenicity are routinely evaluated [1, 2]. Focal renal diseases such as tumors, cysts or hematomas are readily detected using B-Mode ultrasound [1, 2], whereas the evaluation of diseases involving the entire kidney are more challenging since the relative ultrasonographic changes are usually subtle and non-specific. Increased renal cortical echogenicity was previously reported to be a common finding associated with renal insufficiency [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased renal cortical echogenicity was previously reported to be a common finding associated with renal insufficiency [1]. However, animals affected by severe renal insufficiency may show normal kidneys during ultrasonography [2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of diagnostic accuracy of renal cortical echogenicity with renal histopathology in dogs and cats, a quantitative study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundRenal cortical echogenicity is routinely evaluated during ultrasonographic investigation of the kidneys. Both in dog and cat previous ex-vivo studies have revealed a poor correlation between renal echogenicity and corresponding lesions. The aim of this study was to establish the in-vivo relationship between renal cortical echogenicity and renal histopathology.ResultsThirty-eight dogs and fifteen cats euthanized for critical medical conditions were included in the study. Ultrasonographic images of both kidneys were acquired ante mortem at standardized ultrasonographic settings. The echogenicity was quantified by means of Mean Gray Value (MGV) of the renal cortex measured with ImageJ. A complete histopathological examination of both kidneys was performed. Five kidneys were excluded because histopathology revealed neoplastic lesions. Only samples affected by tubular atrophy showed statistically different values in dog, and histopathology explained 13% of the total variance. MGV was not correlated neither to the degeneration nor to the inflammation scores. However, significant differences were identified between mildly and severely degenerated samples. Overall, the classification efficiency of MGV to detect renal lesions was poor with a sensitivity of 39% and a specificity of 86%.In cats, samples affected by both tubular vacuolar degeneration and interstitial nephritis were statistically different and histopathology explained 44% of the total variance. A linear correlation was evident between degeneration and MGV, whereas no correlation with inflammation was found. Statistically significant differences were evident only between normal and severely degenerated samples with a sensitivity of 54.17% and a specificity of 83.3% and MGV resulted scarce to discriminate renal lesions in this species.ConclusionsRenal cortical echogenicity shows low relevance in detecting chronic renal disease in dog whereas it results worth to identify severe renal damage in cat.

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“…The upper limits of normal for these lymph nodes are 4 cm in length, 2 cm in width, and 0.5 cm in thickness in adult dogs. 9,10 When surveying the kidneys, it is typical to start on the left. Contrary to humans, the left kidney is the easiest to locate in canines.…”

Section: Urologicmentioning

confidence: 99%