Urinary tract infection

Natarajan, Vaithianathan

doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2008.04.013

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Epidermidis , with EC accounting for more than 50% of the cases . A diagnosis of a UTI is based on the clinical symptoms of fever, suprapubic pain, frequency of urination, dysuria, urination with dark color, cloudy urine appearance, the presence of blood or foul smell, and the presence of bacteria in the urine in a significant amount marked as a number greater than 10 5 CFU/mL for any of the bacterium listed above. , Although UTIs can affect both males and females, the infection risk is higher in women because the urethra in females is shorter and closer to the anus, where the concentration of pathogens is on the higher side . In addition, a large number of recurrences have also been reported in premenopausal and postmenopausal women as a result of declined estrogen levels and vaginal atrophy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-Care Biosensing of Urinary Tract Infections Employing Optoplasmonic Surfaces Embedded with Metal Nanotwins

Basak

Mitra

Gogoi

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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We report the synthesis of gold nanotwins (Au NTs) on a solid and transparent glass substrate which in turn has been employed for the selective optoplasmonic detection of Escherichia coli (EC) bacteria in human urine for the point-of-care diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs). As compared to the single nanoparticle systems (Au NPs), the Au NTs show an enriched localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) due to the enhancement of the electric field under electromagnetic irradiation, e.g., photon, which helps in improving the limits of detection. For this purpose, initially a simple glass surface has been coated with Au NPs, with the help of the linker 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane – APTES. The surface has been linked further with another Au NP with the help of the 1,10-alkane-dithiol linker with two thiol ends, which eventually leads to the development of the optoplasmonic surface with Au NTs and an enhanced LSPR response. Subsequently, the EC specific aptamer has been chemically immobilized on the surface of Au NTs with the blocking of free sites via bovine serum albumin (BSA). Remarkably, Raman spectroscopy unfolds a 7-fold increase in the peak intensities with the Au NTs on the glass surface as compared to the surface coated with isolated Au NPs. The enhancement in the LSPR response of glass substrates coated with Au NTs and the EC specific aptamer has been further utilized for the selective and sensitive detection of UTIs. The results have been verified with the help of UV–visible spectroscopy to establish the utility of the proposed sensing methodology. An extensive interference study with other bacterial species unveils the selectivity and specificity of the proposed optoplasmonic sensors toward EC with a detection range of 5 × 103 to 107 CFU/mL. Intuitively, the method is more versatile in a sense that the sensor can be made specific to any other pathogens by simply changing the design of the aptamer. Finally, a low-cost, portable, and point-of-care optoplasmonic transduction setup is designed with a laser light illumination source, a sample holder, and a sensitive photodetector for the detection of UTIs in human urine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-Care Biosensing of Urinary Tract Infections Employing Optoplasmonic Surfaces Embedded with Metal Nanotwins

Basak

Mitra

Gogoi

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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“…In an immunocompromised human, P. mirabilis has the potential to evoke infections in various parts of the body [19]. The Proteus species is considered one of the uropathogens in humans and it is also the most common species reported in hospital patients associated with urolithiasis or indwelling urinary catheters (∼80% of infections) [20,21,22,23,24]. As a matter of fact, P. mirabilis is commonly isolated from the biofilms that are formed on urinary catheters [16,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of <b><i>Proteus mirabilis</i></b> Phage pPM_01 Isolated from Raw Sewage

Wirjon¹,

Lau

Arip³

2016

Intervirology

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Objectives: Phage pPM_01 was previously isolated from a raw sewage treatment facility located in Batu Maung, Penang, Malaysia, and it was highly lytic against Proteus mirabilis, which causes urinary tract infections in humans. In this paper, we characterize the biology and complete genome sequence of the phage. Methods and Results: Transmission electron microscopy revealed phage pPM_01 to be a siphovirus (the first reported virus to infect P. mirabilis), with its complete genome sequence successfully determined. The genome was sequenced using Illumina technology and the reads obtained were assembled using CLC Genomic Workbench v.7.0.3. The whole genome contains a total of 58,546 bp of linear double-stranded DNA with a G+C content of 46.9%. Seventy putative genes were identified and annotated using various bioinformatics tools including RAST, Geneious v.R7, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BLAST, and tRNAscan-SE-v1.3 Search. Functional clusters of related potential genes were defined (structural, lytic, packaging, replication, modification, and modulatory). The whole genome sequence showed a low similarity to known phages (i.e., Enterobacter phage Enc34 and Enterobacteria phage Chi). Host range determination and SDS-PAGE analysis were also performed. Conclusions: The inability to lysogenize a host, the absence of endotoxin genes in the annotated genome, and the lytic behavior suggest phage pPM_01 as a possible safe biological candidate to control P. mirabilis infection.

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Urinary tract infection of mice to model human disease: Practicalities, implications and limitations

Carey

Tan

Ipe

et al. 2015

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Murine models of human UTI are vital experimental tools that have helped to elucidate UTI pathogenesis and advance knowledge of potential treatment and infection prevention strategies. Fundamentally, several variables are inherent in different murine models, and understanding the limitations of these variables provides an opportunity to understand how models may be best applied to research aimed at mimicking human disease. In this review, we discuss variables inherent in murine UTI model studies and how these affect model usage, data analysis and data interpretation. We examine recent studies that have elucidated UTI host-pathogen interactions from the perspective of gene expression, and review new studies of biofilm and UTI preventative approaches. We also consider potential standards for variables inherent in murine UTI models and discuss how these might expand the utility of models for mimicking human disease and uncovering new aspects of pathogenesis.

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Urinary tract infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Point-of-Care Biosensing of Urinary Tract Infections Employing Optoplasmonic Surfaces Embedded with Metal Nanotwins

Point-of-Care Biosensing of Urinary Tract Infections Employing Optoplasmonic Surfaces Embedded with Metal Nanotwins

Complete Genome Sequence of <b><i>Proteus mirabilis</i></b> Phage pPM_01 Isolated from Raw Sewage

Urinary tract infection of mice to model human disease: Practicalities, implications and limitations

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