Urinary Tract Infections in Acute Psychosis

Graham, K.; Carson, Chelsea M.; Ezeoke, Amaka; Buckley, Peter F.; Miller, Brian J.

doi:10.4088/jcp.13m08469

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Indeed, recent evidence has emphasized that the gut microbiome communicates with the central nervous system through several pathways, including neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, and that alterations of the gut–microbiome–brain axis can affect mood and behaviour . In addition, other studies found that the risk of mental disorders increased with the temporal proximity of the infection , with both the infection and the anti‐infective agents possibly increasing the risk of mental disorders. Thus, our results could indicate that use of anti‐infective agents, in particular antibiotics, might potentially have an impact on behaviour and mental health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections and exposure to anti‐infective agents and the risk of severe mental disorders: a nationwide study

Köhler

Petersen

Mors

et al. 2016

Acta Psychiatr Scand

103

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections and exposure to anti‐infective agents and the risk of severe mental disorders: a nationwide study

Köhler

Petersen

Mors

et al. 2016

Acta Psychiatr Scand

103

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“…Inherited immune vulnerability to environmental risk factors may explain the association between BD and exposure to a variety of infections early in life, during a critical neurodevelopmental window (Canetta et al 2014 ; Foldager et al 2014 ; Graham et al 2014 ; Hamdani et al 2013 ; Mazaheri-Tehrani et al 2014 ; Parboosing et al 2013 ). Herein, we explored the interaction between infectious stigma and genetic variants of the innate arm of the immune response in a sample of adult BD patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii exposure may modulate the influence of TLR2 genetic variation on bipolar disorder: a gene–environment interaction study

Oliveira

Kazma

Floch

et al. 2016

Int J Bipolar Disord

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BackgroundGenetic vulnerability to environmental stressors is yet to be clarified in bipolar disorder (BD), a complex multisystem disorder in which immune dysfunction and infectious insults seem to play a major role in the pathophysiology. Association between pattern-recognition receptor coding genes and BD had been previously reported. However, potential interactions with history of pathogen exposure are yet to be explored.Methods138 BD patients and 167 healthy controls were tested for serostatus of Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, HSV-1 and HSV-2 and genotyped for TLR2 (rs4696480 and rs3804099), TLR4 (rs1927914 and rs11536891) and NOD2 (rs2066842) polymorphisms (SNPs). Both the pathogen-specific seroprevalence and the TLR/NOD2 genetic profiles were compared between patients and controls followed by modelling of interactions between these genes and environmental infectious factors in a regression analysis.ResultsFirst, here again we observed an association between BD and Toxoplasma gondii (p = 0.045; OR = 1.77; 95 % CI 1.01–3.10) extending the previously published data on a cohort of a relatively small number of patients (also included in the present sample). Second, we found a trend for an interaction between the TLR2rs3804099 SNP and Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in conferring BD risk (p = 0.017, uncorrected).ConclusionsPathogen exposure may modulate the influence of the immunogenetic background on BD. A much larger sample size and information on period of pathogen exposure are needed in future gene–environment interaction studies.

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“…Patients with schizophrenia appear to have an increased prevalence of certain comorbid infections. Several studies have found an increased prevalence of lower urinary tract infections (UTI) in patients with schizophrenia, particularly during episodes of illness exacerbation (Graham et al, 2014; and this may be a recurrent phenomenon (Laney et al, 2015). In a meta-analysis of 16 independent samples (2353 patients and 1707 controls), there was a significant 1.7-fold increase in risk of positive T. gondii IgM antibodies-a marker of acute/recent exposure or reinfection-in patients acute psychosis compared with controls, and the association was stronger for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic schizophrenia (Monroe et al, 2015).…”

Section: Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an Immunophenotype of Schizophrenia: Progress, Potential Mechanisms, and Future Directions

Miller

Goldsmith

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

149

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The evidence to date, coupled with advances in immunology and genetics has afforded the field an unparalleled opportunity to investigate the hypothesis that a subset of patients with schizophrenia may manifest an immunophenotype, toward new potential diagnostics and therapeutics to reduce risk, alleviate symptoms, and improve quality of life in both at-risk populations and patients with established schizophrenia. In this paper, we will first summarize the findings on immune dysfunction in schizophrenia, including (1) genetic, prenatal, and premorbid immune risk factors and (2) immune markers across the clinical course of the disorder, including cytokines; C-reactive protein; immune cells; antibodies, autoantibodies and comorbid autoimmune disorders; complement; oxidative stress; imaging of neuroinflammation; infections; and clinical trials of anti-inflammatory agents and immunotherapy. We will then discuss a potential mechanistic framework toward increased understanding of a potential schizophrenia immunophenotype. We will then critically appraise the existing literature, and discuss suggestions for the future research agenda in this area that are needed to rigorously evaluate this hypothesis.

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Urinary Tract Infections in Acute Psychosis

Cited by 34 publications

References 33 publications

Infections and exposure to anti‐infective agents and the risk of severe mental disorders: a nationwide study

Infections and exposure to anti‐infective agents and the risk of severe mental disorders: a nationwide study

Toxoplasma gondii exposure may modulate the influence of TLR2 genetic variation on bipolar disorder: a gene–environment interaction study

Towards an Immunophenotype of Schizophrenia: Progress, Potential Mechanisms, and Future Directions

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