Urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients

Alangaden, George

doi:10.1007/s11908-007-0072-6

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Bagshaw et al [16] recorded enterococci as the third most frequent uropathogen in intensive care unit-acquired urinary tract infections after E. coli and P. aeruginosa. In renal transplant recipients, Alangaden [17] reported Enterococcus as an emergent and important cause of urinary tract infections, although E. coli remains the most common pathogen in these patients. On the other hand, Cornia et al [18] investigated the microbiology of bacteriuria in a large cohort of elderly male inpatients and outpatients and identified Enterococcus as the most frequent uropathogen, this pathogen having been isolated in 22.5% of the patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcal urinary tract infections in a university hospital: clinical studies

Barros¹,

Martinelli²,

Rocha³

2009

Braz J Infect Dis

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Although urinary tract infections (UTI) represent the most common infection caused by enterococci, some aspects remain to be fully clarified. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics present in UTI caused by Enterococcus spp. in patients followed up at the Prof. Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Bahia. All patients consecutively examined between 1997 and 2005, who received a diagnosis of UTI caused by Enterococcus spp. were included in the study. UTI was defined as the presence of ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ 10 5 colony-forming units per mL of urine. Standard microbiological techniques were used. During the study period, 6.2% of the urine cultures were positive for Enterococcus spp. The mean age of the patients was 48.9 years and 57% were male. At initial evaluation, 13% of the patients had complaints suggestive of UTI. Nineteen patients had a history consistent with obstructive uropathy and 26 with neurogenic bladder. At final evaluation, UTI was the diagnosis in 48 patients. In 36 patients (29%), the primary diagnosis was related to urogenital diseases, consisting of obstructive uropathy in 23 of these cases, while in 32 patients (25.8%) primary diagnosis was related to neurologic diseases, frequently neurogenic bladder. UTI caused by Enterococcus spp. is not infrequent, is usually associated with few or no symptoms and occurs in sick patients who have anatomical or functional obstructive uropathy associated or not with urinary tract catheterization or instrumentation. The diagnosis of enterococcal UTI may indicate a urinary tract abnormality yet to be diagnosed. Key-Words: Enterococcal infections, urinary tract, teaching hospital, Bahia, Brazil.Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infectious conditions in clinical practice and an important cause of nosocomial infection [1]. E. coli, other Gram-negative rods and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are the most frequent infecting organisms of the urinary tract [1,2]. Enterococcus spp., although less common, has been recognized as an important uropathogen [1,3].Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci, frequently referred to as facultative anaerobes. The habitat of these organisms is the gastrointestinal tract where they form part of the normal intestinal flora in humans [4]. In the last few years, enterococcal infections have become frequent occurrences in hospital settings. Currently they are an important cause of nosocomial infections [4][5][6] with increasingly common isolates that are resistant to multiple antibiotics [6][7][8][9]. Urinary tract infections constitute the most common type of disease produced by Enterococcus spp. [4][5][6].In view of the increasing importance of enterococcal infections and the current scarcity of pertinent clinical data in the medical literature, the purpose of the present study was to analyze urinary tract infections caused by Enterococcus spp. in patients followed up at a general hospital. Material and MethodsAll patients with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection caused by Enterococcus...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcal urinary tract infections in a university hospital: clinical studies

Barros¹,

Martinelli²,

Rocha³

2009

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…The most common infection after RT is urinary tract infection (UTI), which has an incidence rate of 45% to 72%. [4][5][6] In addition to UTIs, sepsis, pneumonia, and surgical field infections are also common. [7][8][9][10] Posttransplant infections create significant morbidity and mortality for affected patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Yabanoğlu

Alışkan²,

Çalışkan³

et al. 2015

Exp Clin Transplant

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Objectives: This study aimed to compare renal transplant recipients with and without infection with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics as well as risk factors; to determine the incidence of posttransplant infections; and to study the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial species identified as the causative organisms in posttransplant infections. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 136 patients undergoing renal transplant in a 4-year period. The patients were categorized into 2 groups. The 2 groups were compared with each other with respect to general clinical and demographic variables and the number and frequency of infectious attacks within a 1-year follow-up, infection type, and antibiotic resistance patterns. Results: Ninety-two (67.6%) of the subjects were male and 44 (32.4%) were female. A total of 57 (41.9%) patients developed 128 infectious attacks. Urinary tract infections were the most common infections (42.1%). There was a significant correlation between a clinically relevant urinary culture proliferation and postoperative infection rate (P = .002). There was a significant correlation between antimicrobial resistance and the number of infectious attacks (P = .023). There was a significant correlation between the proliferation of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-positive Enterobactericeae species and the number of infectious attacks (P = .000). Conclusions: Presence of a clinically relevant proliferation in the preoperative urinary culture, which was identified as a risk factor for infection, increased the number of infectious attacks. Moreover, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamasepositive Enterobactericeae species increased the number of infections. These 2 principle results should be taken into account in patient management.

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“…Zdecydowana większość autorów jest zgodna, że najczęstszą postacią zakażeń u biorców nerek jest zakażenie układu moczowego [10,11,12,13]. Potwierdzają to badania własne, w których odsetek ZUM był największy i wynosił 81,4%.…”

Section: Dyskusjaunclassified

“…Escherichia coli uważana jest za główny czynnik etiologiczny zakażenia układu moczowego, co potwierdza w swoich publikacjach wielu autorów [8,15,16,17,18,19]. Sqalli i wsp.…”

Section: Dyskusjaunclassified

Retrospektywna analiza zakażeń u pacjentów po przeszczepieniu nerki

Czarnota-Chlewicka

2016

Pomeranian J Life Sci

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Wstęp: Transplantacja nerki jest najlepszym sposobem leczenia schyłkowej niewydolności tego narządu i najczęściej wykonywanym zabiegiem spośród wszystkich transplantacji narządów unaczynionych. Rozwój immunologii transplantacyjnej oraz udoskonalanie schematów leczenia immunosupresyjnego powodują zmniejszenie liczby epizodów ostrego odrzucania i pozwalają na wieloletnie funkcjonowanie przeszczepionego organu. Jednak konieczność osłabiania systemu odpornościowego poprzez przyjmowanie leków immunosupresyjnych w celu zapobiegania odrzucania przeszczepu przyczynia się do pogorszenia możliwości organizmu w walce z infekcjami. Pacjenci po przeszczepieniu nerki są w grupie szczególnego ryzyka zakażeń bakteryjnych, wirusowych i grzybiczych, które stanowią istotny problem terapeutyczny.Celem pracy była retrospektywna analiza zakażeń u pacjentów po przeszczepieniu nerki i ustalenie czynników etiologicznych oraz postaci klinicznych zakażeń, a także ustalenie czynników ryzyka zakażenia u biorców nerki.Materiał i metody: Badaniami objęto 147 pacjentów hospitalizowanych na Oddziale Nefrologii i Transplantacji Nerek w Samodzielnym Publicznym Wojewódzkim Szpitalu Zespolonym w Szczecinie w okresie 1.01.2007–31.12.2008 r. Dane do badań zostały uzyskane z dokumentacji medycznej – protokołów przeszczepiania nerki, historii choroby oraz wyników badań mikrobiologicznych i serologicznych.Wnioski: 1. Podwyższone ryzyko wystąpienia zakażenia występowało w przypadku niskiej zgodności w układzie zgodności tkankowej HLA, długiego czasu niedokrwienia oraz u biorców, u których była konieczność stosowania większych dawek glikokortykosteroidów. 2. Szybkie rozpoznanie zakażenia i wczesne wdrożenie odpowiedniej terapii wydaje się mieć fundamentalne znaczenie dla skuteczności leczenia oraz profilaktyki dalszych powikłań infekcyjnych u pacjentów po przeszczepie nerki.

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Urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients

Cited by 32 publications

References 41 publications

Enterococcal urinary tract infections in a university hospital: clinical studies

Enterococcal urinary tract infections in a university hospital: clinical studies

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Retrospektywna analiza zakażeń u pacjentów po przeszczepieniu nerki

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