Urine; a new promising biological fluid to act as a non-invasive biomarker for different human diseases

Balhara, Namrata; Devi, Mamta; Balda, Ajay; Phour, Manisha; Giri, Arup

doi:10.1016/j.urine.2023.06.001

Cited by 16 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Therefore, further efforts are needed to fully understand the utility of blood Tau biomarkers for the early diagnosis and characterization of other tauopathies [30]. Together with blood, urine has also become one of the most studied fluids for Tau biomarkers' detection [31,32]. For example, it has been recently demonstrated that t-Tau can be detected in urine samples from patients with acute neuronal and glial damage [33].…”

Section: Strategies For the Diagnosis Of Pre-symptomatic Neurodegener...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: What Has Been Undertaken to Promote the Transition from PET to Fluorescence Tracers

Bisi,

Pinzi,

Rastelli

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) represent two among the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. A common hallmark of these pathologies is the misfolding and consequent aggregation of amyloid proteins into soluble oligomers and insoluble β-sheet-rich fibrils, which ultimately lead to neurotoxicity and cell death. After a hundred years of research on the subject, this is the only reliable histopathological feature in our hands. Since AD and PD are diagnosed only once neuronal death and the first symptoms have appeared, the early detection of these diseases is currently impossible. At present, there is no effective drug available, and patients are left with symptomatic and inconclusive therapies. Several reasons could be associated with the lack of effective therapeutic treatments. One of the most important factors is the lack of selective probes capable of detecting, as early as possible, the most toxic amyloid species involved in the onset of these pathologies. In this regard, chemical probes able to detect and distinguish among different amyloid aggregates are urgently needed. In this article, we will review and put into perspective results from ex vivo and in vivo studies performed on compounds specifically interacting with such early species. Following a general overview on the three different amyloid proteins leading to insoluble β-sheet-rich amyloid deposits (amyloid β1–42 peptide, Tau, and α-synuclein), a list of the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches employed to date is discussed, with particular attention paid to the translation of fluorescence imaging into clinical applications. Furthermore, we also discuss how the progress achieved in detecting the amyloids of one neurodegenerative disease could be leveraged for research into another amyloidosis. As evidenced by a critical analysis of the state of the art, substantial work still needs to be conducted. Indeed, the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is a priority, and we believe that this review could be a useful tool for better investigating this field.

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Section: Strategies For the Diagnosis Of Pre-symptomatic Neurodegener...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: What Has Been Undertaken to Promote the Transition from PET to Fluorescence Tracers

Bisi,

Pinzi,

Rastelli

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Uromodulin and the study of urinary extracellular vesicles

Harding,

Yavuz,

Gathmann

et al. 2024

J of Extracellular Bio

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Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a promising substrate for discovering new biomarkers. In order to investigate the origin of uEVs and the cargo they carry, some types of downstream analysis of uEVs may require concentration and enrichment as well as removal of contaminating substances. Co‐isolation of the abundant urinary protein uromodulin with uEVs can be a problem, and may interfere with some techniques, in particular with proteomic analysis tools. Methods of separating out uromodulin and its removal have also not been standardized. This review highlights aspects of uromodulin structure that makes it recalcitrant to separation from uEVs, summarizes frequently used techniques for uEV enrichment and how they affect uromodulin separation, and specific methods for uromodulin removal during preparation of uEVs. The necessity of uromodulin removal for various study endpoints is also examined.

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