Urine Analysis of Laboratory Personnel Preparing Cocaine Training Aids for a Military Working Dog Program

Gehlhausen, Jay M.; Klette, Kevin L.; Given, JoAnn

doi:10.1093/jat/25.7.637

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Le et al (3) demonstrated the handling of cocaine could result in high urine BZE levels, including one case in which a 1570 ng/mL urine concentration was observed for an employee who sampled 50 kg of cocaine hydrochloride over a 3-h period. As documented in a previous report on cocaine exposure by NCISRFL employees, 28 of 233 human urine samples collected from individuals participating in the preparation of training aids contained BZE detectable by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Occupational Cocaine Exposure of Crime Laboratory Personnel Preparing Training Aids for a Military Working Dog Program

Gehlhausen¹,

Klette²,

Stout³

et al. 2003

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The potential for passive cocaine exposure was evaluated in crime laboratory employees preparing training aids for a military working dog program (MWD). The primary goal of the study was to elucidate the routes of exposure and implement procedural changes that would minimize this risk. Several work environments and laboratory procedures were examined by monitoring personal breathing zones (PBZ), ambient airborne cocaine levels in the laboratory spaces, and urinary levels of the primary cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine. The study was performed initially using current laboratory procedures to establish a baseline and to identify potential sources of exposure. A subsequent study was performed to determine the effectiveness of the follow-up procedure in reducing exposure. As a result of the changes, the 8-h time weighted averages (TWAs) were 40 to 80% lower in the follow-up study as compared to the baseline assessment. Dermal absorption and PBZ inhalation of cocaine during manufacture were likely the most significant source of cocaine exposure. Ambient airborne cocaine may have also contributed to the total exposure, but for most observations, the concentrations were significantly less than those determined from PBZ monitoring. The maximum ambient cocaine concentration was 0.0144 mg/m(3) compared to a maximum of 0.4004 mg/m(3) observed during PBZ monitoring. Occupational exposure decreased in the follow-up study because of the proper use of personal protective equipment and improvements in engineering controls.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Occupational Cocaine Exposure of Crime Laboratory Personnel Preparing Training Aids for a Military Working Dog Program

Gehlhausen¹,

Klette²,

Stout³

et al. 2003

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Benzoylecgonine extraction from urine was explored using SPE columns and an automated sample processor (312). Urine analysis of laboratory personnel preparing cocaine-training aids for dogs was performed using GC/MS (313). Cocaine and its metabolites have been analyzed in biological fluids using liquidliquid extraction and GC (314), GC/MS (315,316), LC/MS/MS (317), HPLC/MS (318,319), HPLC (320), LC/APIMS (321), SPE and GC/MS (322), GC/FID and HPLC/UV (323), HPTLC/UV (324), solvent microextraction and GC (325), and HFMSME/GC (326).…”

Section: Drugs and Poisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Science

Brettell¹,

Rudin

Saferstein³

2003

Anal. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

LC‐MS: a powerful tool in workplace drug testing

Gallardo

Barroso

Queiroz

2009

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Workplace drug testing is a well-established application of forensic toxicology and it aims to reduce workplace accidents caused by affected workers. Several classes of abused substances may be involved, such as alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates and also prescription drugs, such as benzodiazepines. The use of alternative biological specimens such as hair, oral fluid or sweat in workplace drug testing presents several advantages over urinalysis-mainly the fact that sample collection can be performed easily without infringing on the examinee's privacy, so the subject is more likely to perform the test. However, drugs are usually present in these alternative specimens at low concentrations and the amount of sample available for analysis is small. The use of highly sensitive techniques is therefore necessary. In fact, the successful interface of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has brought a new light into bioanalytical and forensic sciences as it allows the detection of drugs and metabolites at concentrations that are difficult to analyse using the more commonly adopted GC-MS based techniques. This paper will discuss the importance of LC-MS in supporting workplace drug-testing programmes. The combination of LC-MS with innovative instrumentation such as triple quadrupoles, ion traps and time-of-flight mass spectrometers will also be focused.

show abstract

Urine Analysis of Laboratory Personnel Preparing Cocaine Training Aids for a Military Working Dog Program

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Occupational Cocaine Exposure of Crime Laboratory Personnel Preparing Training Aids for a Military Working Dog Program

Occupational Cocaine Exposure of Crime Laboratory Personnel Preparing Training Aids for a Military Working Dog Program

Forensic Science

LC‐MS: a powerful tool in workplace drug testing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About